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Vikram Samvat Índice Meses e correspondencias aproximadas | Ciclos na India | Conversión de datas | Variacións | Véxase tamén | Notas | Menú de navegación

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Vikram Samvat




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Vikrama Samvat é o nome dun dos varios calendarios hindús, dado que na India existen moitos calendarios en uso:


  • Vikrama Samvat: lunar e sideral solar por anos.

  • Shaka Samvat (tradicional): lunar e solar tropical.

  • Calendario Bangla: solar tropical por anos.

  • Tamilnadu/Kerala: solar tropical por anos como o calendario Malayalam.

  • Bikram Sambat Nepalés: solar tropical por anos.

A maioría das festas na India están baseadas nos dous primeiros calendarios. Algúns baséanse no ciclo solar como o Sankranti (solar sideral) e o Baisakhi (solar tropical).




Índice





  • 1 Meses e correspondencias aproximadas


  • 2 Ciclos na India


  • 3 Conversión de datas


  • 4 Variacións


  • 5 Véxase tamén


  • 6 Notas




Meses e correspondencias aproximadas |


Máis abaixo aparece unha listaxe dos meses na India. Shaka e Chaitradi Vikram (UP, Rajasthan e outros) comezan con Chaitra; Kartikadi Vikram (Gujarat, Maharashtra) comezan con Kartika.









































#HindúGregoriano
1ChaitraMarzo-Abril
2VaisākhaAbril-Maio
3JyeshtaMaio-Xuño
4ĀshādaXuño-Xullo
5SrāvanaXullo-Agosto
6BhādrapadaAgosto-Setembro
7AshwinaSetembro-Outubro
8KārtikaOutubro-Novembro
9Mārgasirsa
(Agrahayana)		Novembro-Decembro
10PaushaDecembro-Xaneiro
11MāghaXaneiro-Febreiro
12PhālgunaFebreiro-Marzo

Os Nakshatras son divisións de ciclos onde cada 13° 20' comezan desde 0° Aries. O purnima de cada mes está sincronizado cun nakshatra.



Ciclos na India |


Os ciclos do tempo na India son os seguintes:


  • Ciclo de 60 anos.

  • O ano.

  • As seis estacións do ano.

  • Cerca de 60 días (2 meses) nunha estación.

  • O mes (lunar).

  • 2 pakshas nun mes, shukla (crecente) e krishna (escuro).

  • 15 tithis nun paksha (1-14, ou XV é purnima ou amavasya).

  • 60 ghatikas (ou 30 muhurtas ou 8 praharas) nun período de 24 horas (ahoratra).

  • Algúns períodos máis a completar.

Os anos están sincronizados co ano solar sideral a través da adición ou subtracción de meses.



Conversión de datas |


Converter unha data dun calendario hindú a unha era común aproximada require unha complexa operación matemática:


  • Chaitradi Vikram (pasado): Chaitra-Pausha: subtraer 57; Pausha-Phalguna: subtraer 56.

  • Shaka: sumar 78-79.

  • Kalachuri: sumar 248-249.

  • Gupta/Valabhi: sumar 319-320.

  • Bangla: sumar 593-594.

  • Vira Nirvana: subtraer 527-526.


Variacións |


  • En UP/Rajasthan, os meses son purnimanta. En Gujarat/Maharashtra, son amanta.

  • En inscricións, os anos deben ser gata (antigos) ou correntes.


Véxase tamén |


  • Calendario hindú

  • Unidades antigas de medida na India


Notas |


  • Rai Bahadur Pandit Gaurishankar Hirachand Ojha, 'The Paleography of India', 2 ed., Ajmer, 1918, reprinted Manshuram Manoharlal publishers, 1993.



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