What is the purpose of building foundations?Why dig out and then fill in before building a large structure?Center of Gravity of Precast Concrete StepsConcrete formwork - best approach to counter uplift forces, for a freestanding pour?Percentage area of steel for a retaining wall - standard formula doesn't make sense to me?Possible improved approaches to 6mx3m moment-resisting frame with eccentricity+torsion, in advance of detailed engineer discussion

Got a new frameset, don't know why I need this split ring collar?

How useful is the GRE Exam?

How can I ping multiple IP addresses at the same time?

Print the new site header

How did the European Union reach the figure of 3% as a maximum allowed deficit?

Why we can't jump without bending our knees?

How could I create a situation in which a PC has to make a saving throw or be forced to pet a dog?

I have found ports on my Samsung smart tv running a display service. What can I do with it?

Should I email my professor to clear up a (possibly very irrelevant) awkward misunderstanding?

Build a scale without computer

What is "dot" sign in •NO?

What kind of chart is this?

Time at 1G acceleration to travel 100 000 light years

What is this plant I saw for sale at a Romanian farmer's market?

How to address players struggling with simple controls?

What are the mechanical differences between Adapt and Monstrosity?

Justifying Affordable Bespoke Spaceships

Are there any individual aliens that have gained superpowers in the Marvel universe?

Why do you need to heat the pan before heating the olive oil?

Is swap gate equivalent to just exchanging the wire of the two qubits?

How much steel armor can you wear and still be able to swim?

Is using Legacy mode is a bad thing to do?

Checking if argument is a floating point without breaking on control sequences in argument

Having some issue with notation in a Hilbert space



What is the purpose of building foundations?


Why dig out and then fill in before building a large structure?Center of Gravity of Precast Concrete StepsConcrete formwork - best approach to counter uplift forces, for a freestanding pour?Percentage area of steel for a retaining wall - standard formula doesn't make sense to me?Possible improved approaches to 6mx3m moment-resisting frame with eccentricity+torsion, in advance of detailed engineer discussion













19












$begingroup$


According to many sources, one of the purposes of building's foundations is "To distribute the weight of the structure over large area so as to avoid over-loading of the soil beneath." (Wikipedia)



On the Wikipedia page on foundations, there is the following picture:



enter image description here



So the foundation seems to consist of some type of "legs", with a larger surface area on the bottom. But if the point is to distribute the weight of the building over an area, why not put the bottom of the building in contact with ground? Isn't the bottom of the building itself a much larger contact area than the area the foundation can provide? In the picture, the bottom of the building does seem to rest at ground, so why do we require the foundation to have these large surface area rectangles at the bottom if the whole weight of the building is already resting on ground?



Here is another picture from the same page:



enter image description here



This seems to be some sort of lodge or a cabin, with stones used as foundation. Here it is evident that the building itself is raised above ground with the stones used as a contact to ground. But now the small stones suffer all the weight of the structure. Wouldn't they be under quite a heavy load over small contact area and possibly sink into the ground? Why not simply have the building's floor, a much larger contact area, rest on the ground?










share|improve this question











$endgroup$







  • 1




    $begingroup$
    Well, to start with, the weight of a structure (and its contents, except for those on the first floor) is NOT evenly distributed across the area of the lowest floor. It's all concentrated on columns (points) and/or walls (lines), where the pressure is much higher than the soil alone can support.
    $endgroup$
    – Dave Tweed
    Jun 1 at 13:10
















19












$begingroup$


According to many sources, one of the purposes of building's foundations is "To distribute the weight of the structure over large area so as to avoid over-loading of the soil beneath." (Wikipedia)



On the Wikipedia page on foundations, there is the following picture:



enter image description here



So the foundation seems to consist of some type of "legs", with a larger surface area on the bottom. But if the point is to distribute the weight of the building over an area, why not put the bottom of the building in contact with ground? Isn't the bottom of the building itself a much larger contact area than the area the foundation can provide? In the picture, the bottom of the building does seem to rest at ground, so why do we require the foundation to have these large surface area rectangles at the bottom if the whole weight of the building is already resting on ground?



Here is another picture from the same page:



enter image description here



This seems to be some sort of lodge or a cabin, with stones used as foundation. Here it is evident that the building itself is raised above ground with the stones used as a contact to ground. But now the small stones suffer all the weight of the structure. Wouldn't they be under quite a heavy load over small contact area and possibly sink into the ground? Why not simply have the building's floor, a much larger contact area, rest on the ground?










share|improve this question











$endgroup$







  • 1




    $begingroup$
    Well, to start with, the weight of a structure (and its contents, except for those on the first floor) is NOT evenly distributed across the area of the lowest floor. It's all concentrated on columns (points) and/or walls (lines), where the pressure is much higher than the soil alone can support.
    $endgroup$
    – Dave Tweed
    Jun 1 at 13:10














19












19








19


3



$begingroup$


According to many sources, one of the purposes of building's foundations is "To distribute the weight of the structure over large area so as to avoid over-loading of the soil beneath." (Wikipedia)



On the Wikipedia page on foundations, there is the following picture:



enter image description here



So the foundation seems to consist of some type of "legs", with a larger surface area on the bottom. But if the point is to distribute the weight of the building over an area, why not put the bottom of the building in contact with ground? Isn't the bottom of the building itself a much larger contact area than the area the foundation can provide? In the picture, the bottom of the building does seem to rest at ground, so why do we require the foundation to have these large surface area rectangles at the bottom if the whole weight of the building is already resting on ground?



Here is another picture from the same page:



enter image description here



This seems to be some sort of lodge or a cabin, with stones used as foundation. Here it is evident that the building itself is raised above ground with the stones used as a contact to ground. But now the small stones suffer all the weight of the structure. Wouldn't they be under quite a heavy load over small contact area and possibly sink into the ground? Why not simply have the building's floor, a much larger contact area, rest on the ground?










share|improve this question











$endgroup$




According to many sources, one of the purposes of building's foundations is "To distribute the weight of the structure over large area so as to avoid over-loading of the soil beneath." (Wikipedia)



On the Wikipedia page on foundations, there is the following picture:



enter image description here



So the foundation seems to consist of some type of "legs", with a larger surface area on the bottom. But if the point is to distribute the weight of the building over an area, why not put the bottom of the building in contact with ground? Isn't the bottom of the building itself a much larger contact area than the area the foundation can provide? In the picture, the bottom of the building does seem to rest at ground, so why do we require the foundation to have these large surface area rectangles at the bottom if the whole weight of the building is already resting on ground?



Here is another picture from the same page:



enter image description here



This seems to be some sort of lodge or a cabin, with stones used as foundation. Here it is evident that the building itself is raised above ground with the stones used as a contact to ground. But now the small stones suffer all the weight of the structure. Wouldn't they be under quite a heavy load over small contact area and possibly sink into the ground? Why not simply have the building's floor, a much larger contact area, rest on the ground?







structural-engineering foundations






share|improve this question















share|improve this question













share|improve this question




share|improve this question








edited May 31 at 10:42







S. Rotos

















asked May 31 at 10:24









S. RotosS. Rotos

425315




425315







  • 1




    $begingroup$
    Well, to start with, the weight of a structure (and its contents, except for those on the first floor) is NOT evenly distributed across the area of the lowest floor. It's all concentrated on columns (points) and/or walls (lines), where the pressure is much higher than the soil alone can support.
    $endgroup$
    – Dave Tweed
    Jun 1 at 13:10













  • 1




    $begingroup$
    Well, to start with, the weight of a structure (and its contents, except for those on the first floor) is NOT evenly distributed across the area of the lowest floor. It's all concentrated on columns (points) and/or walls (lines), where the pressure is much higher than the soil alone can support.
    $endgroup$
    – Dave Tweed
    Jun 1 at 13:10








1




1




$begingroup$
Well, to start with, the weight of a structure (and its contents, except for those on the first floor) is NOT evenly distributed across the area of the lowest floor. It's all concentrated on columns (points) and/or walls (lines), where the pressure is much higher than the soil alone can support.
$endgroup$
– Dave Tweed
Jun 1 at 13:10





$begingroup$
Well, to start with, the weight of a structure (and its contents, except for those on the first floor) is NOT evenly distributed across the area of the lowest floor. It's all concentrated on columns (points) and/or walls (lines), where the pressure is much higher than the soil alone can support.
$endgroup$
– Dave Tweed
Jun 1 at 13:10











3 Answers
3






active

oldest

votes


















18












$begingroup$

Down, Not Out



Building foundations don't always have to spread the load out to a larger area. Sometimes the load only needs to be transferred to a stronger (harder) layer. This layer may be deep in the earth and have a softer layer on top of it.



Layers



Say you want to build a building in an area that has a lot of soft clay at the surface. This clay will not support much of anything (especially when it is wet). Underneath this layer is hard bedrock. You now have two choices:



  1. Add a basement to your building so that you can rest on bedrock.

  2. Install long steel or concrete piles from the bottom of your building to the bedrock.

There isn't always budget to do #1, so #2 becomes the cheaper option.



Something Smaller



Sometimes you are just building a house or a shed. Piles and deep basements are out of the picture. You could put the entire house on the ground to use the entire area, but that causes problems with water infiltration, pest access, heat lost, etc. Those are all reasons why even smaller building may not want to use the entire area of the building as a foundation, but some thought still needs to go into what the building actually rests on.



Related Question



Why dig out and then fill in before building a large structure?






share|improve this answer











$endgroup$




















    8












    $begingroup$

    Building foundations perform many tasks.



    They provide a strong base to take the weight of the building, penetrate through incompetent layers of soil to reach a layer strong enough, they resist the heaving forces of expansive clay soils, they anchor the building down against toppling in earthquakes and getting blown by the wind or washed away by the floods.



    Add to this many other tasks such as insulating the floors from moisture, freezing, animals, enemies, etc.



    In many parts of the word they act as a passive thermal climate control. Because the soil strata under ground have more moderate temperature and do not change much during winter and summer, and because the foundations are massive they have large capacity to act as a thermal battery and moderate the temperature of the building, which has been done in hot arid areas of middle east, or in basement and cellars in many urban areas.



    In some areas of my old home country, Iran, specially in rugged mountainous villages the foundation of the entire village is integrated to resist the strong winds, heavy snows and bridge the soft patches of ground soils, span melted snow streams, and provide the support to the covered protected alleys.






    share|improve this answer











    $endgroup$








    • 2




      $begingroup$
      You left out keeping the wooden parts of the structure dry and not in contact with the ground, at least if you're not thinking of insects where you mention "animals".
      $endgroup$
      – TimWescott
      May 31 at 23:03






    • 2




      $begingroup$
      @TimWesott, right, I meant termites, snakes, and what not.
      $endgroup$
      – kamran
      Jun 1 at 2:40


















    6












    $begingroup$

    Those stones have larger stones underneath them in the ground so that they will not sink - as the load is spread.



    The purpose is to prevent rats getting into the storage - this was a technique used in many countries for barns etc



    This was also done to stop snow sitting against the lower part of the wall in many cases as well.






    share|improve this answer











    $endgroup$













      Your Answer








      StackExchange.ready(function()
      var channelOptions =
      tags: "".split(" "),
      id: "595"
      ;
      initTagRenderer("".split(" "), "".split(" "), channelOptions);

      StackExchange.using("externalEditor", function()
      // Have to fire editor after snippets, if snippets enabled
      if (StackExchange.settings.snippets.snippetsEnabled)
      StackExchange.using("snippets", function()
      createEditor();
      );

      else
      createEditor();

      );

      function createEditor()
      StackExchange.prepareEditor(
      heartbeatType: 'answer',
      autoActivateHeartbeat: false,
      convertImagesToLinks: false,
      noModals: true,
      showLowRepImageUploadWarning: true,
      reputationToPostImages: null,
      bindNavPrevention: true,
      postfix: "",
      imageUploader:
      brandingHtml: "Powered by u003ca class="icon-imgur-white" href="https://imgur.com/"u003eu003c/au003e",
      contentPolicyHtml: "User contributions licensed under u003ca href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/"u003ecc by-sa 3.0 with attribution requiredu003c/au003e u003ca href="https://stackoverflow.com/legal/content-policy"u003e(content policy)u003c/au003e",
      allowUrls: true
      ,
      noCode: true, onDemand: true,
      discardSelector: ".discard-answer"
      ,immediatelyShowMarkdownHelp:true
      );



      );













      draft saved

      draft discarded


















      StackExchange.ready(
      function ()
      StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2fengineering.stackexchange.com%2fquestions%2f28610%2fwhat-is-the-purpose-of-building-foundations%23new-answer', 'question_page');

      );

      Post as a guest















      Required, but never shown

























      3 Answers
      3






      active

      oldest

      votes








      3 Answers
      3






      active

      oldest

      votes









      active

      oldest

      votes






      active

      oldest

      votes









      18












      $begingroup$

      Down, Not Out



      Building foundations don't always have to spread the load out to a larger area. Sometimes the load only needs to be transferred to a stronger (harder) layer. This layer may be deep in the earth and have a softer layer on top of it.



      Layers



      Say you want to build a building in an area that has a lot of soft clay at the surface. This clay will not support much of anything (especially when it is wet). Underneath this layer is hard bedrock. You now have two choices:



      1. Add a basement to your building so that you can rest on bedrock.

      2. Install long steel or concrete piles from the bottom of your building to the bedrock.

      There isn't always budget to do #1, so #2 becomes the cheaper option.



      Something Smaller



      Sometimes you are just building a house or a shed. Piles and deep basements are out of the picture. You could put the entire house on the ground to use the entire area, but that causes problems with water infiltration, pest access, heat lost, etc. Those are all reasons why even smaller building may not want to use the entire area of the building as a foundation, but some thought still needs to go into what the building actually rests on.



      Related Question



      Why dig out and then fill in before building a large structure?






      share|improve this answer











      $endgroup$

















        18












        $begingroup$

        Down, Not Out



        Building foundations don't always have to spread the load out to a larger area. Sometimes the load only needs to be transferred to a stronger (harder) layer. This layer may be deep in the earth and have a softer layer on top of it.



        Layers



        Say you want to build a building in an area that has a lot of soft clay at the surface. This clay will not support much of anything (especially when it is wet). Underneath this layer is hard bedrock. You now have two choices:



        1. Add a basement to your building so that you can rest on bedrock.

        2. Install long steel or concrete piles from the bottom of your building to the bedrock.

        There isn't always budget to do #1, so #2 becomes the cheaper option.



        Something Smaller



        Sometimes you are just building a house or a shed. Piles and deep basements are out of the picture. You could put the entire house on the ground to use the entire area, but that causes problems with water infiltration, pest access, heat lost, etc. Those are all reasons why even smaller building may not want to use the entire area of the building as a foundation, but some thought still needs to go into what the building actually rests on.



        Related Question



        Why dig out and then fill in before building a large structure?






        share|improve this answer











        $endgroup$















          18












          18








          18





          $begingroup$

          Down, Not Out



          Building foundations don't always have to spread the load out to a larger area. Sometimes the load only needs to be transferred to a stronger (harder) layer. This layer may be deep in the earth and have a softer layer on top of it.



          Layers



          Say you want to build a building in an area that has a lot of soft clay at the surface. This clay will not support much of anything (especially when it is wet). Underneath this layer is hard bedrock. You now have two choices:



          1. Add a basement to your building so that you can rest on bedrock.

          2. Install long steel or concrete piles from the bottom of your building to the bedrock.

          There isn't always budget to do #1, so #2 becomes the cheaper option.



          Something Smaller



          Sometimes you are just building a house or a shed. Piles and deep basements are out of the picture. You could put the entire house on the ground to use the entire area, but that causes problems with water infiltration, pest access, heat lost, etc. Those are all reasons why even smaller building may not want to use the entire area of the building as a foundation, but some thought still needs to go into what the building actually rests on.



          Related Question



          Why dig out and then fill in before building a large structure?






          share|improve this answer











          $endgroup$



          Down, Not Out



          Building foundations don't always have to spread the load out to a larger area. Sometimes the load only needs to be transferred to a stronger (harder) layer. This layer may be deep in the earth and have a softer layer on top of it.



          Layers



          Say you want to build a building in an area that has a lot of soft clay at the surface. This clay will not support much of anything (especially when it is wet). Underneath this layer is hard bedrock. You now have two choices:



          1. Add a basement to your building so that you can rest on bedrock.

          2. Install long steel or concrete piles from the bottom of your building to the bedrock.

          There isn't always budget to do #1, so #2 becomes the cheaper option.



          Something Smaller



          Sometimes you are just building a house or a shed. Piles and deep basements are out of the picture. You could put the entire house on the ground to use the entire area, but that causes problems with water infiltration, pest access, heat lost, etc. Those are all reasons why even smaller building may not want to use the entire area of the building as a foundation, but some thought still needs to go into what the building actually rests on.



          Related Question



          Why dig out and then fill in before building a large structure?







          share|improve this answer














          share|improve this answer



          share|improve this answer








          edited May 31 at 21:32

























          answered May 31 at 12:41









          hazzeyhazzey

          8,48453283




          8,48453283





















              8












              $begingroup$

              Building foundations perform many tasks.



              They provide a strong base to take the weight of the building, penetrate through incompetent layers of soil to reach a layer strong enough, they resist the heaving forces of expansive clay soils, they anchor the building down against toppling in earthquakes and getting blown by the wind or washed away by the floods.



              Add to this many other tasks such as insulating the floors from moisture, freezing, animals, enemies, etc.



              In many parts of the word they act as a passive thermal climate control. Because the soil strata under ground have more moderate temperature and do not change much during winter and summer, and because the foundations are massive they have large capacity to act as a thermal battery and moderate the temperature of the building, which has been done in hot arid areas of middle east, or in basement and cellars in many urban areas.



              In some areas of my old home country, Iran, specially in rugged mountainous villages the foundation of the entire village is integrated to resist the strong winds, heavy snows and bridge the soft patches of ground soils, span melted snow streams, and provide the support to the covered protected alleys.






              share|improve this answer











              $endgroup$








              • 2




                $begingroup$
                You left out keeping the wooden parts of the structure dry and not in contact with the ground, at least if you're not thinking of insects where you mention "animals".
                $endgroup$
                – TimWescott
                May 31 at 23:03






              • 2




                $begingroup$
                @TimWesott, right, I meant termites, snakes, and what not.
                $endgroup$
                – kamran
                Jun 1 at 2:40















              8












              $begingroup$

              Building foundations perform many tasks.



              They provide a strong base to take the weight of the building, penetrate through incompetent layers of soil to reach a layer strong enough, they resist the heaving forces of expansive clay soils, they anchor the building down against toppling in earthquakes and getting blown by the wind or washed away by the floods.



              Add to this many other tasks such as insulating the floors from moisture, freezing, animals, enemies, etc.



              In many parts of the word they act as a passive thermal climate control. Because the soil strata under ground have more moderate temperature and do not change much during winter and summer, and because the foundations are massive they have large capacity to act as a thermal battery and moderate the temperature of the building, which has been done in hot arid areas of middle east, or in basement and cellars in many urban areas.



              In some areas of my old home country, Iran, specially in rugged mountainous villages the foundation of the entire village is integrated to resist the strong winds, heavy snows and bridge the soft patches of ground soils, span melted snow streams, and provide the support to the covered protected alleys.






              share|improve this answer











              $endgroup$








              • 2




                $begingroup$
                You left out keeping the wooden parts of the structure dry and not in contact with the ground, at least if you're not thinking of insects where you mention "animals".
                $endgroup$
                – TimWescott
                May 31 at 23:03






              • 2




                $begingroup$
                @TimWesott, right, I meant termites, snakes, and what not.
                $endgroup$
                – kamran
                Jun 1 at 2:40













              8












              8








              8





              $begingroup$

              Building foundations perform many tasks.



              They provide a strong base to take the weight of the building, penetrate through incompetent layers of soil to reach a layer strong enough, they resist the heaving forces of expansive clay soils, they anchor the building down against toppling in earthquakes and getting blown by the wind or washed away by the floods.



              Add to this many other tasks such as insulating the floors from moisture, freezing, animals, enemies, etc.



              In many parts of the word they act as a passive thermal climate control. Because the soil strata under ground have more moderate temperature and do not change much during winter and summer, and because the foundations are massive they have large capacity to act as a thermal battery and moderate the temperature of the building, which has been done in hot arid areas of middle east, or in basement and cellars in many urban areas.



              In some areas of my old home country, Iran, specially in rugged mountainous villages the foundation of the entire village is integrated to resist the strong winds, heavy snows and bridge the soft patches of ground soils, span melted snow streams, and provide the support to the covered protected alleys.






              share|improve this answer











              $endgroup$



              Building foundations perform many tasks.



              They provide a strong base to take the weight of the building, penetrate through incompetent layers of soil to reach a layer strong enough, they resist the heaving forces of expansive clay soils, they anchor the building down against toppling in earthquakes and getting blown by the wind or washed away by the floods.



              Add to this many other tasks such as insulating the floors from moisture, freezing, animals, enemies, etc.



              In many parts of the word they act as a passive thermal climate control. Because the soil strata under ground have more moderate temperature and do not change much during winter and summer, and because the foundations are massive they have large capacity to act as a thermal battery and moderate the temperature of the building, which has been done in hot arid areas of middle east, or in basement and cellars in many urban areas.



              In some areas of my old home country, Iran, specially in rugged mountainous villages the foundation of the entire village is integrated to resist the strong winds, heavy snows and bridge the soft patches of ground soils, span melted snow streams, and provide the support to the covered protected alleys.







              share|improve this answer














              share|improve this answer



              share|improve this answer








              edited May 31 at 18:16

























              answered May 31 at 17:40









              kamrankamran

              5,6612513




              5,6612513







              • 2




                $begingroup$
                You left out keeping the wooden parts of the structure dry and not in contact with the ground, at least if you're not thinking of insects where you mention "animals".
                $endgroup$
                – TimWescott
                May 31 at 23:03






              • 2




                $begingroup$
                @TimWesott, right, I meant termites, snakes, and what not.
                $endgroup$
                – kamran
                Jun 1 at 2:40












              • 2




                $begingroup$
                You left out keeping the wooden parts of the structure dry and not in contact with the ground, at least if you're not thinking of insects where you mention "animals".
                $endgroup$
                – TimWescott
                May 31 at 23:03






              • 2




                $begingroup$
                @TimWesott, right, I meant termites, snakes, and what not.
                $endgroup$
                – kamran
                Jun 1 at 2:40







              2




              2




              $begingroup$
              You left out keeping the wooden parts of the structure dry and not in contact with the ground, at least if you're not thinking of insects where you mention "animals".
              $endgroup$
              – TimWescott
              May 31 at 23:03




              $begingroup$
              You left out keeping the wooden parts of the structure dry and not in contact with the ground, at least if you're not thinking of insects where you mention "animals".
              $endgroup$
              – TimWescott
              May 31 at 23:03




              2




              2




              $begingroup$
              @TimWesott, right, I meant termites, snakes, and what not.
              $endgroup$
              – kamran
              Jun 1 at 2:40




              $begingroup$
              @TimWesott, right, I meant termites, snakes, and what not.
              $endgroup$
              – kamran
              Jun 1 at 2:40











              6












              $begingroup$

              Those stones have larger stones underneath them in the ground so that they will not sink - as the load is spread.



              The purpose is to prevent rats getting into the storage - this was a technique used in many countries for barns etc



              This was also done to stop snow sitting against the lower part of the wall in many cases as well.






              share|improve this answer











              $endgroup$

















                6












                $begingroup$

                Those stones have larger stones underneath them in the ground so that they will not sink - as the load is spread.



                The purpose is to prevent rats getting into the storage - this was a technique used in many countries for barns etc



                This was also done to stop snow sitting against the lower part of the wall in many cases as well.






                share|improve this answer











                $endgroup$















                  6












                  6








                  6





                  $begingroup$

                  Those stones have larger stones underneath them in the ground so that they will not sink - as the load is spread.



                  The purpose is to prevent rats getting into the storage - this was a technique used in many countries for barns etc



                  This was also done to stop snow sitting against the lower part of the wall in many cases as well.






                  share|improve this answer











                  $endgroup$



                  Those stones have larger stones underneath them in the ground so that they will not sink - as the load is spread.



                  The purpose is to prevent rats getting into the storage - this was a technique used in many countries for barns etc



                  This was also done to stop snow sitting against the lower part of the wall in many cases as well.







                  share|improve this answer














                  share|improve this answer



                  share|improve this answer








                  edited May 31 at 13:01

























                  answered May 31 at 10:33









                  Solar MikeSolar Mike

                  5,9731715




                  5,9731715



























                      draft saved

                      draft discarded
















































                      Thanks for contributing an answer to Engineering Stack Exchange!


                      • Please be sure to answer the question. Provide details and share your research!

                      But avoid


                      • Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers.

                      • Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience.

                      Use MathJax to format equations. MathJax reference.


                      To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers.




                      draft saved


                      draft discarded














                      StackExchange.ready(
                      function ()
                      StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2fengineering.stackexchange.com%2fquestions%2f28610%2fwhat-is-the-purpose-of-building-foundations%23new-answer', 'question_page');

                      );

                      Post as a guest















                      Required, but never shown





















































                      Required, but never shown














                      Required, but never shown












                      Required, but never shown







                      Required, but never shown

































                      Required, but never shown














                      Required, but never shown












                      Required, but never shown







                      Required, but never shown







                      Popular posts from this blog

                      Club Baloncesto Breogán Índice Historia | Pavillón | Nome | O Breogán na cultura popular | Xogadores | Adestradores | Presidentes | Palmarés | Historial | Líderes | Notas | Véxase tamén | Menú de navegacióncbbreogan.galCadroGuía oficial da ACB 2009-10, páxina 201Guía oficial ACB 1992, páxina 183. Editorial DB.É de 6.500 espectadores sentados axeitándose á última normativa"Estudiantes Junior, entre as mellores canteiras"o orixinalHemeroteca El Mundo Deportivo, 16 setembro de 1970, páxina 12Historia do BreogánAlfredo Pérez, o último canoneiroHistoria C.B. BreogánHemeroteca de El Mundo DeportivoJimmy Wright, norteamericano do Breogán deixará Lugo por ameazas de morteResultados de Breogán en 1986-87Resultados de Breogán en 1990-91Ficha de Velimir Perasović en acb.comResultados de Breogán en 1994-95Breogán arrasa al Barça. "El Mundo Deportivo", 27 de setembro de 1999, páxina 58CB Breogán - FC BarcelonaA FEB invita a participar nunha nova Liga EuropeaCharlie Bell na prensa estatalMáximos anotadores 2005Tempada 2005-06 : Tódolos Xogadores da Xornada""Non quero pensar nunha man negra, mais pregúntome que está a pasar""o orixinalRaúl López, orgulloso dos xogadores, presume da boa saúde económica do BreogánJulio González confirma que cesa como presidente del BreogánHomenaxe a Lisardo GómezA tempada do rexurdimento celesteEntrevista a Lisardo GómezEl COB dinamita el Pazo para forzar el quinto (69-73)Cafés Candelas, patrocinador del CB Breogán"Suso Lázare, novo presidente do Breogán"o orixinalCafés Candelas Breogán firma el mayor triunfo de la historiaEl Breogán realizará 17 homenajes por su cincuenta aniversario"O Breogán honra ao seu fundador e primeiro presidente"o orixinalMiguel Giao recibiu a homenaxe do PazoHomenaxe aos primeiros gladiadores celestesO home que nos amosa como ver o Breo co corazónTita Franco será homenaxeada polos #50anosdeBreoJulio Vila recibirá unha homenaxe in memoriam polos #50anosdeBreo"O Breogán homenaxeará aos seus aboados máis veteráns"Pechada ovación a «Capi» Sanmartín e Ricardo «Corazón de González»Homenaxe por décadas de informaciónPaco García volve ao Pazo con motivo do 50 aniversario"Resultados y clasificaciones""O Cafés Candelas Breogán, campión da Copa Princesa""O Cafés Candelas Breogán, equipo ACB"C.B. Breogán"Proxecto social"o orixinal"Centros asociados"o orixinalFicha en imdb.comMario Camus trata la recuperación del amor en 'La vieja música', su última película"Páxina web oficial""Club Baloncesto Breogán""C. B. Breogán S.A.D."eehttp://www.fegaba.com

                      Vilaño, A Laracha Índice Patrimonio | Lugares e parroquias | Véxase tamén | Menú de navegación43°14′52″N 8°36′03″O / 43.24775, -8.60070

                      Cegueira Índice Epidemioloxía | Deficiencia visual | Tipos de cegueira | Principais causas de cegueira | Tratamento | Técnicas de adaptación e axudas | Vida dos cegos | Primeiros auxilios | Crenzas respecto das persoas cegas | Crenzas das persoas cegas | O neno deficiente visual | Aspectos psicolóxicos da cegueira | Notas | Véxase tamén | Menú de navegación54.054.154.436928256blindnessDicionario da Real Academia GalegaPortal das Palabras"International Standards: Visual Standards — Aspects and Ranges of Vision Loss with Emphasis on Population Surveys.""Visual impairment and blindness""Presentan un plan para previr a cegueira"o orixinalACCDV Associació Catalana de Cecs i Disminuïts Visuals - PMFTrachoma"Effect of gene therapy on visual function in Leber's congenital amaurosis"1844137110.1056/NEJMoa0802268Cans guía - os mellores amigos dos cegosArquivadoEscola de cans guía para cegos en Mortágua, PortugalArquivado"Tecnología para ciegos y deficientes visuales. Recopilación de recursos gratuitos en la Red""Colorino""‘COL.diesis’, escuchar los sonidos del color""COL.diesis: Transforming Colour into Melody and Implementing the Result in a Colour Sensor Device"o orixinal"Sistema de desarrollo de sinestesia color-sonido para invidentes utilizando un protocolo de audio""Enseñanza táctil - geometría y color. Juegos didácticos para niños ciegos y videntes""Sistema Constanz"L'ocupació laboral dels cecs a l'Estat espanyol està pràcticament equiparada a la de les persones amb visió, entrevista amb Pedro ZuritaONCE (Organización Nacional de Cegos de España)Prevención da cegueiraDescrición de deficiencias visuais (Disc@pnet)Braillín, un boneco atractivo para calquera neno, con ou sen discapacidade, que permite familiarizarse co sistema de escritura e lectura brailleAxudas Técnicas36838ID00897494007150-90057129528256DOID:1432HP:0000618D001766C10.597.751.941.162C97109C0155020