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Grover's diffusion on subset of input space


Grover's algorithm: where is the list?Clarification needed regarding quantum “black-box” circuitsGrover's algorithm: a real life example?Why does Grover's search invert about the mean?Grover's algorithm with W-stateWhat happens in Deutsch algorithm if I use equal input bits?Is the $|-rangle$ state the only one that can do the trick for Grover's algorithm?N&C quantum circuit for Grover's algorithmGrover's algorithm returns skewed probability distributionSuccess probability in Grover's algorithm where there are multiple targets






.everyoneloves__top-leaderboard:empty,.everyoneloves__mid-leaderboard:empty,.everyoneloves__bot-mid-leaderboard:empty margin-bottom:0;








6












$begingroup$


Is it possible to run grover's diffusion step on a subset of the possible input space?



By this, I mean is it possible to do the diffusion process with a state space isn't in a total superposition of all states.



Let's say I have a 2 qubit system in a equal superposition of states $left|00right>$, $left|01right>$ and $left|10right>$, but have exactly a 0 probability of measuring a $left|11right>$. Also, let's say I have a function $f$ that only outputs a 1 for the input 00. Is there a modification to Grover's where I can do the diffusion only on the $left|00right>$, $left|01right>$ and $left|10right>$ states and leave the $left|11right>$ state unchanged?



If that is possible, does it speedup the diffusion? Say I have a state with $n$ qubits but $2^x$ non-zero states where $x < n$, does this modified grover's algorithm still run in $mathcal O(2^n/2)$, or can it run in $mathcal O(2^x/2)$?










share|improve this question











$endgroup$







  • 1




    $begingroup$
    It seems like with your toy example you want to have a superposition of two qubits having the $mathsfNAND$ being equal to $1$. You could calculate the $mathsfNAND$ and post-select on the $mathsfNAND$ of the two qubits being $1$, then run Grover's algorithm on the $mathsfNOR$ being $1$. I think it would save you time on the Grover diffusion but it would still cost you time to post-select on the $mathsfNOR$ being $1$. It's probably more efficient to run Grover diffusion conditioned on one output having $mathsfNOR$ being $1$ and another output being $mathsfNAND$ being $1$?
    $endgroup$
    – Mark S
    Jun 9 at 0:53

















6












$begingroup$


Is it possible to run grover's diffusion step on a subset of the possible input space?



By this, I mean is it possible to do the diffusion process with a state space isn't in a total superposition of all states.



Let's say I have a 2 qubit system in a equal superposition of states $left|00right>$, $left|01right>$ and $left|10right>$, but have exactly a 0 probability of measuring a $left|11right>$. Also, let's say I have a function $f$ that only outputs a 1 for the input 00. Is there a modification to Grover's where I can do the diffusion only on the $left|00right>$, $left|01right>$ and $left|10right>$ states and leave the $left|11right>$ state unchanged?



If that is possible, does it speedup the diffusion? Say I have a state with $n$ qubits but $2^x$ non-zero states where $x < n$, does this modified grover's algorithm still run in $mathcal O(2^n/2)$, or can it run in $mathcal O(2^x/2)$?










share|improve this question











$endgroup$







  • 1




    $begingroup$
    It seems like with your toy example you want to have a superposition of two qubits having the $mathsfNAND$ being equal to $1$. You could calculate the $mathsfNAND$ and post-select on the $mathsfNAND$ of the two qubits being $1$, then run Grover's algorithm on the $mathsfNOR$ being $1$. I think it would save you time on the Grover diffusion but it would still cost you time to post-select on the $mathsfNOR$ being $1$. It's probably more efficient to run Grover diffusion conditioned on one output having $mathsfNOR$ being $1$ and another output being $mathsfNAND$ being $1$?
    $endgroup$
    – Mark S
    Jun 9 at 0:53













6












6








6


1



$begingroup$


Is it possible to run grover's diffusion step on a subset of the possible input space?



By this, I mean is it possible to do the diffusion process with a state space isn't in a total superposition of all states.



Let's say I have a 2 qubit system in a equal superposition of states $left|00right>$, $left|01right>$ and $left|10right>$, but have exactly a 0 probability of measuring a $left|11right>$. Also, let's say I have a function $f$ that only outputs a 1 for the input 00. Is there a modification to Grover's where I can do the diffusion only on the $left|00right>$, $left|01right>$ and $left|10right>$ states and leave the $left|11right>$ state unchanged?



If that is possible, does it speedup the diffusion? Say I have a state with $n$ qubits but $2^x$ non-zero states where $x < n$, does this modified grover's algorithm still run in $mathcal O(2^n/2)$, or can it run in $mathcal O(2^x/2)$?










share|improve this question











$endgroup$




Is it possible to run grover's diffusion step on a subset of the possible input space?



By this, I mean is it possible to do the diffusion process with a state space isn't in a total superposition of all states.



Let's say I have a 2 qubit system in a equal superposition of states $left|00right>$, $left|01right>$ and $left|10right>$, but have exactly a 0 probability of measuring a $left|11right>$. Also, let's say I have a function $f$ that only outputs a 1 for the input 00. Is there a modification to Grover's where I can do the diffusion only on the $left|00right>$, $left|01right>$ and $left|10right>$ states and leave the $left|11right>$ state unchanged?



If that is possible, does it speedup the diffusion? Say I have a state with $n$ qubits but $2^x$ non-zero states where $x < n$, does this modified grover's algorithm still run in $mathcal O(2^n/2)$, or can it run in $mathcal O(2^x/2)$?







algorithm grovers-algorithm






share|improve this question















share|improve this question













share|improve this question




share|improve this question








edited Jun 9 at 8:14









Sanchayan Dutta

7,8774 gold badges16 silver badges62 bronze badges




7,8774 gold badges16 silver badges62 bronze badges










asked Jun 8 at 20:24









Chase RobertsChase Roberts

312 bronze badges




312 bronze badges







  • 1




    $begingroup$
    It seems like with your toy example you want to have a superposition of two qubits having the $mathsfNAND$ being equal to $1$. You could calculate the $mathsfNAND$ and post-select on the $mathsfNAND$ of the two qubits being $1$, then run Grover's algorithm on the $mathsfNOR$ being $1$. I think it would save you time on the Grover diffusion but it would still cost you time to post-select on the $mathsfNOR$ being $1$. It's probably more efficient to run Grover diffusion conditioned on one output having $mathsfNOR$ being $1$ and another output being $mathsfNAND$ being $1$?
    $endgroup$
    – Mark S
    Jun 9 at 0:53












  • 1




    $begingroup$
    It seems like with your toy example you want to have a superposition of two qubits having the $mathsfNAND$ being equal to $1$. You could calculate the $mathsfNAND$ and post-select on the $mathsfNAND$ of the two qubits being $1$, then run Grover's algorithm on the $mathsfNOR$ being $1$. I think it would save you time on the Grover diffusion but it would still cost you time to post-select on the $mathsfNOR$ being $1$. It's probably more efficient to run Grover diffusion conditioned on one output having $mathsfNOR$ being $1$ and another output being $mathsfNAND$ being $1$?
    $endgroup$
    – Mark S
    Jun 9 at 0:53







1




1




$begingroup$
It seems like with your toy example you want to have a superposition of two qubits having the $mathsfNAND$ being equal to $1$. You could calculate the $mathsfNAND$ and post-select on the $mathsfNAND$ of the two qubits being $1$, then run Grover's algorithm on the $mathsfNOR$ being $1$. I think it would save you time on the Grover diffusion but it would still cost you time to post-select on the $mathsfNOR$ being $1$. It's probably more efficient to run Grover diffusion conditioned on one output having $mathsfNOR$ being $1$ and another output being $mathsfNAND$ being $1$?
$endgroup$
– Mark S
Jun 9 at 0:53




$begingroup$
It seems like with your toy example you want to have a superposition of two qubits having the $mathsfNAND$ being equal to $1$. You could calculate the $mathsfNAND$ and post-select on the $mathsfNAND$ of the two qubits being $1$, then run Grover's algorithm on the $mathsfNOR$ being $1$. I think it would save you time on the Grover diffusion but it would still cost you time to post-select on the $mathsfNOR$ being $1$. It's probably more efficient to run Grover diffusion conditioned on one output having $mathsfNOR$ being $1$ and another output being $mathsfNAND$ being $1$?
$endgroup$
– Mark S
Jun 9 at 0:53










1 Answer
1






active

oldest

votes


















6












$begingroup$

This can work. There's no reliance on powers of two or anything like that in the basic conception of the algorithm.



If $S$ is a subset of computational basis states with $N$ elements and you have a superposition: $$left |phiright> = frac1sqrtNsum_x in Sleft|xright>$$ then basically all you need to do is change the classic Grover diffusion operator with the complete $n$-qubit uniform superposition $left|psiright>$: $$2left|psiright>left<psiright| - I$$



into:



$$2left|phiright>left<phiright| - I$$



A common way of composing the Grover diffusion operator for an $n$-qubit system without fancy gates is to make it out of two Hadamards and some implementation of the diagonal matrix $2left|0right>left<0right| - I$ via:



$$H^otimes n(2 left|0right>left<0right| - I)H^otimes n$$.



To get our new diffusion operator, we just need to replace the left Hadamard gate with a gate $B$ and the right Hadamard with $B^*$ (if they are not the same) where $Bleft|0right> = left|phiright>$



From a fully general perspective, if your subset selection method is weird, like all prime-numbered states, I suspect realistically implementing $B$ (and having $left|phiright>$ in the first place) on, say, IBM Q may be difficult to the point of voiding the advantage of the algorithm, since you'd have to include individual gates to zero the probability of all the specific irrelevant states in the implementation of $B$.



Assuming no difficulty with $B$, it will run in $mathcalO(sqrtN)$ with your new $N$. The ideal stopping point will also still be $approx fracpi4sqrtN$ iterations.






share|improve this answer









$endgroup$












  • $begingroup$
    Awsome. Follow up question then. Let's say I had a function $g(x)$ that returns a 1 if $x in S$ and 0 otherwise. If we assume I already have my qubits in $|phirangle$. Could I use an extra qubit to conditionally apply $2|0ranglelangle0| - I$ based on $|0oplus g(x)rangle$?Would this still leave all of the 0 elements of $|phirangle$ as 0s?
    $endgroup$
    – Chase Roberts
    Jun 10 at 14:57










  • $begingroup$
    I'm not sure I understand. What is the goal there?
    $endgroup$
    – Joseph Geipel
    Jun 11 at 1:09













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1 Answer
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1 Answer
1






active

oldest

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active

oldest

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active

oldest

votes









6












$begingroup$

This can work. There's no reliance on powers of two or anything like that in the basic conception of the algorithm.



If $S$ is a subset of computational basis states with $N$ elements and you have a superposition: $$left |phiright> = frac1sqrtNsum_x in Sleft|xright>$$ then basically all you need to do is change the classic Grover diffusion operator with the complete $n$-qubit uniform superposition $left|psiright>$: $$2left|psiright>left<psiright| - I$$



into:



$$2left|phiright>left<phiright| - I$$



A common way of composing the Grover diffusion operator for an $n$-qubit system without fancy gates is to make it out of two Hadamards and some implementation of the diagonal matrix $2left|0right>left<0right| - I$ via:



$$H^otimes n(2 left|0right>left<0right| - I)H^otimes n$$.



To get our new diffusion operator, we just need to replace the left Hadamard gate with a gate $B$ and the right Hadamard with $B^*$ (if they are not the same) where $Bleft|0right> = left|phiright>$



From a fully general perspective, if your subset selection method is weird, like all prime-numbered states, I suspect realistically implementing $B$ (and having $left|phiright>$ in the first place) on, say, IBM Q may be difficult to the point of voiding the advantage of the algorithm, since you'd have to include individual gates to zero the probability of all the specific irrelevant states in the implementation of $B$.



Assuming no difficulty with $B$, it will run in $mathcalO(sqrtN)$ with your new $N$. The ideal stopping point will also still be $approx fracpi4sqrtN$ iterations.






share|improve this answer









$endgroup$












  • $begingroup$
    Awsome. Follow up question then. Let's say I had a function $g(x)$ that returns a 1 if $x in S$ and 0 otherwise. If we assume I already have my qubits in $|phirangle$. Could I use an extra qubit to conditionally apply $2|0ranglelangle0| - I$ based on $|0oplus g(x)rangle$?Would this still leave all of the 0 elements of $|phirangle$ as 0s?
    $endgroup$
    – Chase Roberts
    Jun 10 at 14:57










  • $begingroup$
    I'm not sure I understand. What is the goal there?
    $endgroup$
    – Joseph Geipel
    Jun 11 at 1:09















6












$begingroup$

This can work. There's no reliance on powers of two or anything like that in the basic conception of the algorithm.



If $S$ is a subset of computational basis states with $N$ elements and you have a superposition: $$left |phiright> = frac1sqrtNsum_x in Sleft|xright>$$ then basically all you need to do is change the classic Grover diffusion operator with the complete $n$-qubit uniform superposition $left|psiright>$: $$2left|psiright>left<psiright| - I$$



into:



$$2left|phiright>left<phiright| - I$$



A common way of composing the Grover diffusion operator for an $n$-qubit system without fancy gates is to make it out of two Hadamards and some implementation of the diagonal matrix $2left|0right>left<0right| - I$ via:



$$H^otimes n(2 left|0right>left<0right| - I)H^otimes n$$.



To get our new diffusion operator, we just need to replace the left Hadamard gate with a gate $B$ and the right Hadamard with $B^*$ (if they are not the same) where $Bleft|0right> = left|phiright>$



From a fully general perspective, if your subset selection method is weird, like all prime-numbered states, I suspect realistically implementing $B$ (and having $left|phiright>$ in the first place) on, say, IBM Q may be difficult to the point of voiding the advantage of the algorithm, since you'd have to include individual gates to zero the probability of all the specific irrelevant states in the implementation of $B$.



Assuming no difficulty with $B$, it will run in $mathcalO(sqrtN)$ with your new $N$. The ideal stopping point will also still be $approx fracpi4sqrtN$ iterations.






share|improve this answer









$endgroup$












  • $begingroup$
    Awsome. Follow up question then. Let's say I had a function $g(x)$ that returns a 1 if $x in S$ and 0 otherwise. If we assume I already have my qubits in $|phirangle$. Could I use an extra qubit to conditionally apply $2|0ranglelangle0| - I$ based on $|0oplus g(x)rangle$?Would this still leave all of the 0 elements of $|phirangle$ as 0s?
    $endgroup$
    – Chase Roberts
    Jun 10 at 14:57










  • $begingroup$
    I'm not sure I understand. What is the goal there?
    $endgroup$
    – Joseph Geipel
    Jun 11 at 1:09













6












6








6





$begingroup$

This can work. There's no reliance on powers of two or anything like that in the basic conception of the algorithm.



If $S$ is a subset of computational basis states with $N$ elements and you have a superposition: $$left |phiright> = frac1sqrtNsum_x in Sleft|xright>$$ then basically all you need to do is change the classic Grover diffusion operator with the complete $n$-qubit uniform superposition $left|psiright>$: $$2left|psiright>left<psiright| - I$$



into:



$$2left|phiright>left<phiright| - I$$



A common way of composing the Grover diffusion operator for an $n$-qubit system without fancy gates is to make it out of two Hadamards and some implementation of the diagonal matrix $2left|0right>left<0right| - I$ via:



$$H^otimes n(2 left|0right>left<0right| - I)H^otimes n$$.



To get our new diffusion operator, we just need to replace the left Hadamard gate with a gate $B$ and the right Hadamard with $B^*$ (if they are not the same) where $Bleft|0right> = left|phiright>$



From a fully general perspective, if your subset selection method is weird, like all prime-numbered states, I suspect realistically implementing $B$ (and having $left|phiright>$ in the first place) on, say, IBM Q may be difficult to the point of voiding the advantage of the algorithm, since you'd have to include individual gates to zero the probability of all the specific irrelevant states in the implementation of $B$.



Assuming no difficulty with $B$, it will run in $mathcalO(sqrtN)$ with your new $N$. The ideal stopping point will also still be $approx fracpi4sqrtN$ iterations.






share|improve this answer









$endgroup$



This can work. There's no reliance on powers of two or anything like that in the basic conception of the algorithm.



If $S$ is a subset of computational basis states with $N$ elements and you have a superposition: $$left |phiright> = frac1sqrtNsum_x in Sleft|xright>$$ then basically all you need to do is change the classic Grover diffusion operator with the complete $n$-qubit uniform superposition $left|psiright>$: $$2left|psiright>left<psiright| - I$$



into:



$$2left|phiright>left<phiright| - I$$



A common way of composing the Grover diffusion operator for an $n$-qubit system without fancy gates is to make it out of two Hadamards and some implementation of the diagonal matrix $2left|0right>left<0right| - I$ via:



$$H^otimes n(2 left|0right>left<0right| - I)H^otimes n$$.



To get our new diffusion operator, we just need to replace the left Hadamard gate with a gate $B$ and the right Hadamard with $B^*$ (if they are not the same) where $Bleft|0right> = left|phiright>$



From a fully general perspective, if your subset selection method is weird, like all prime-numbered states, I suspect realistically implementing $B$ (and having $left|phiright>$ in the first place) on, say, IBM Q may be difficult to the point of voiding the advantage of the algorithm, since you'd have to include individual gates to zero the probability of all the specific irrelevant states in the implementation of $B$.



Assuming no difficulty with $B$, it will run in $mathcalO(sqrtN)$ with your new $N$. The ideal stopping point will also still be $approx fracpi4sqrtN$ iterations.







share|improve this answer












share|improve this answer



share|improve this answer










answered Jun 9 at 5:18









Joseph GeipelJoseph Geipel

613 bronze badges




613 bronze badges











  • $begingroup$
    Awsome. Follow up question then. Let's say I had a function $g(x)$ that returns a 1 if $x in S$ and 0 otherwise. If we assume I already have my qubits in $|phirangle$. Could I use an extra qubit to conditionally apply $2|0ranglelangle0| - I$ based on $|0oplus g(x)rangle$?Would this still leave all of the 0 elements of $|phirangle$ as 0s?
    $endgroup$
    – Chase Roberts
    Jun 10 at 14:57










  • $begingroup$
    I'm not sure I understand. What is the goal there?
    $endgroup$
    – Joseph Geipel
    Jun 11 at 1:09
















  • $begingroup$
    Awsome. Follow up question then. Let's say I had a function $g(x)$ that returns a 1 if $x in S$ and 0 otherwise. If we assume I already have my qubits in $|phirangle$. Could I use an extra qubit to conditionally apply $2|0ranglelangle0| - I$ based on $|0oplus g(x)rangle$?Would this still leave all of the 0 elements of $|phirangle$ as 0s?
    $endgroup$
    – Chase Roberts
    Jun 10 at 14:57










  • $begingroup$
    I'm not sure I understand. What is the goal there?
    $endgroup$
    – Joseph Geipel
    Jun 11 at 1:09















$begingroup$
Awsome. Follow up question then. Let's say I had a function $g(x)$ that returns a 1 if $x in S$ and 0 otherwise. If we assume I already have my qubits in $|phirangle$. Could I use an extra qubit to conditionally apply $2|0ranglelangle0| - I$ based on $|0oplus g(x)rangle$?Would this still leave all of the 0 elements of $|phirangle$ as 0s?
$endgroup$
– Chase Roberts
Jun 10 at 14:57




$begingroup$
Awsome. Follow up question then. Let's say I had a function $g(x)$ that returns a 1 if $x in S$ and 0 otherwise. If we assume I already have my qubits in $|phirangle$. Could I use an extra qubit to conditionally apply $2|0ranglelangle0| - I$ based on $|0oplus g(x)rangle$?Would this still leave all of the 0 elements of $|phirangle$ as 0s?
$endgroup$
– Chase Roberts
Jun 10 at 14:57












$begingroup$
I'm not sure I understand. What is the goal there?
$endgroup$
– Joseph Geipel
Jun 11 at 1:09




$begingroup$
I'm not sure I understand. What is the goal there?
$endgroup$
– Joseph Geipel
Jun 11 at 1:09

















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