Otdfbt

There is no cross-distribution way. However:

• Redhat and friends: Test for /etc/redhat-release, check contents


• Debian: Test for /etc/debian_version, check contents


• Mandriva and friends: Test for /etc/version, check contents


• Slackware: Test for /etc/slackware-version, check contents

Etc. Generally speaking, check for /etc/*-release and /etc/*-version.

Edit: Found an old (1+ years) bash script of mine lying around that I must have cobbled together over the years (it has an impressive CVS log going back 6 years.) It might not work properly anymore as-is and I can't be bothered to find installed distros to test against, but it should provide you with a good starting point. It works fine on CentOS, Fedora and Gentoo. gyaresu tested it successfully on Debian Lenny.

#!/bin/bash

get_distribution_type()

 local dtype
 # Assume unknown
 dtype="unknown"

 # First test against Fedora / RHEL / CentOS / generic Redhat derivative
 if [ -r /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions ]; then
 source /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
 [ zz`type -t passed 2>/dev/null` == "zzfunction" ] && dtype="redhat"

 # Then test against SUSE (must be after Redhat,
 # I've seen rc.status on Ubuntu I think? TODO: Recheck that)
 elif [ -r /etc/rc.status ]; then
 source /etc/rc.status
 [ zz`type -t rc_reset 2>/dev/null` == "zzfunction" ] && dtype="suse"

 # Then test against Debian, Ubuntu and friends
 elif [ -r /lib/lsb/init-functions ]; then
 source /lib/lsb/init-functions
 [ zz`type -t log_begin_msg 2>/dev/null` == "zzfunction" ] && dtype="debian"

 # Then test against Gentoo
 elif [ -r /etc/init.d/functions.sh ]; then
 source /etc/init.d/functions.sh
 [ zz`type -t ebegin 2>/dev/null` == "zzfunction" ] && dtype="gentoo"

 # For Slackware we currently just test if /etc/slackware-version exists
 # and isn't empty (TODO: Find a better way :)
 elif [ -s /etc/slackware-version ]; then
 dtype="slackware"
 fi
 echo $dtype

Note that this will probably only work correctly in Bash. You could rewrite it for other shells.

That being said, you might want to test for features, not for distributions. I'm not using this anymore simply because it became a maintenance burden. It's easier to rely on cross-distribution tools and solutions.

Conceptually, what it does is, in order:

• Pull in a known, "common init script function" type of file. Those are distribution-specific. If it doesn't exist, skip to next distribution check.


• Check the existence of a specific, known-to-exist, often-used and unlikely to be renamed function from that core script. We do that using the type Bash builtin. type -t returns function if that symbol is a function. We prepend zz to the output from type -t 2>/dev/null because if the name isn't defined the output string would be empty and we'd get a syntax error about a missing left hand to the == operator. If the name we just checked isn't a function, skip to next distribution check, otherwise we found the distribution type.


• Finally, echo the distribution type so the function output can be easily used in a case .. esac block.

Edit in case you're trying to run this as a straight script: This script is supposed to get sourced or included from other scripts. It does not output anything on its own if you run it as-is. To test it, source it and then invoke the function, e.g.:

source /path/to/this/script.sh
get_distribution_type

at the bash prompt.

Edit: Please note that this script does not require root privileges. I urge you not to run it as root. Shouldn't harm anything, but there's no need.

Found a link to a relevant mailing list post in the CVS log. Should be useful in unwrapping init script spaghetti.

You can find the kernel version by running uname -a, finding the distro version is dependant on the distro.

On Ubuntu and some other OS' you can run lsb_release -a or read /etc/lsb_release

Debian stores the version in /etc/debian_version

Most distro's have a unique method of determining the particular distribution.

For example:

Redhat (And derivatives): /etc/redhat-release

SUSE: /etc/SUSE-release

There is a standard out there known as the Linux Standard Base or LSB.
It defines that there should be a file called /etc/lsb-release or a program called lsb_release that will echo back information about your linux distro.

lsb_release -a

python -c 'import platform ; print platform.dist()[0]'

code:
http://hg.python.org/cpython/file/2.7/Lib/platform.py

In addition to the other answers: If you just want to parse one file, most distros personalize the tty login via /etc/issue e.g.:

Welcome to SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10 SP2 (i586) - Kernel r (l).

And yes I know it's suboptimal. :)

facter is a handy tool for this sort of discovery, although it probably uses some of the methods detailed above, and requires Ruby.

All you need to do is type uname -a at your favorite shell. That will print out the kernel name and version.

I've found that cat /etc/*release* almost always works.

I concur with Mark, Adam and Mihai (can't vote up due to insufficient reputation). Solutions based on LSB and its relative FHS will work with most distributions and are likely to continue working in future. LSB and FHS are your friends.

You can also get the version by

cat /proc/version

o/p:

Linux version 2.6.17-13mdv (rtp@octopus.mandriva.com) (gcc version
4.1.2 20070302 (prerelease) (4.1.2-1mdv2007.1)) #1 SMP Fri Mar 23 19:03:31 UTC 2007

The version of linux is a hard question. If we look at it narrowly we have the kernel version you can get with "uname -r". Distribution version is mostly irrellevant. Some distributions are better (enterprise distributions such as Redhat Enterprise Linux). Other distributions like Gentoo are basically moving targets that have no sensible version at all.
If you need to do things based on version, take a look at major components that are relevant to you:

Component Version command
glibc /lib/libc.so.6
gcc gcc --version
X xdpyinfo
libX11 pkg-config --modversion x11
gtk+ pkg-config --modversion gtk+-2.0
qt-4 pkg-config --modversion QtCore

 etc...

You can also check the Grub menu, usually gives you a bunch of distro/version info :-)

FusionInventory is a cross-platform lightweight inventory tool that can get this information on many Linux distros but also on BSDs, Windows, MacOS X and other unices.

If available, they use lsb_release (as mentioned a few times above), but if not they have a very useful list of files and regular expressions to check the distro name and version: https://github.com/fusinv/fusioninventory-agent/blob/2.2.x/lib/FusionInventory/Agent/Task/Inventory/Input/Linux/Distro/NonLSB.pm#L16.

I would recommend using FusionInventory itself to get this information, rather than reimplementing your own scripts with this logic, as their community will maintain this functionality up to date. You could either use the agent on it's own (it outputs a XML/JSON file which is easy to parse) or couple it with a wider solution to manage the machines in your network like GLPI or Rudder, depending on your needs.