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Bovininos Índice Taxonomía | Evolución | Importancia económica | Notas | Véxase tamén | Menú de navegaciónBovininosArquivadoBovinosResumoBovinae4076734-610636113100490

Bovinos


mamíferosartiodáctilosruminantesfamiliabóvidossubfamiliabovinosherbívorosanimais domésticosbúfalo domésticoiacbúfalo africanobisontesamericanoeuropeo1921zoólogobritánicoJohn Edward Graylatín científicosubfamiliabovinosxénerosespeciescladosfiloxeniabúfalo acuáticoiacvacúnscebúsleitealimentomanteigacarneIndiapelcoirocornosbostacombustíbelmasaiKenya












Bovininos




Na Galipedia, a Wikipedia en galego.






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Bovininos
Bovini

Búfalo acuático
Búfalo acuático

Clasificación científica




















Reino:

Animalia


Filo:

Chordata

Subfilo:

Vertebrata


Clase:

Mammalia


Orde:

Artiodactyla

Suborde:

Ruminantia


Familia:

Bovidae

Subfamilia:

Bovinae


Tribo:

Bovini
Gray, 1821

Xéneros

  • Bos

  • Bison

  • Bubalus

  • Pseudoryx

  • Syncerus





Bisonte americano (Bison bison).





Vaca rubia galega (femia de Bos taurus).





Cebú (Bos indicus).





Saola (Pseudoryx nghetinhensis).





Búfalo africano, ou búfalo cafre (Syncerus caffer).


A dos bovininos (Bovini) é unha tribo de mamíferos artiodáctilos ruminantes da familia dos bóvidos e subfamilia dos bovinos.


Esta tribo comprende de grandes a moi grandes herbívoros, entre eles animais domésticos de grande importancia económica para os seres humanos, como o búfalo doméstico e o iac, así como parentes asiáticos máis pequenos e grandes bóvidos de vida libre como o búfalo africano e os bisontes americano e europeo.




Índice





  • 1 Taxonomía


  • 2 Evolución

    • 2.1 Árbore filoxenética



  • 3 Importancia económica


  • 4 Notas


  • 5 Véxase tamén

    • 5.1 Bibliografía


    • 5.2 Outros artigos


    • 5.3 Ligazóns externas





Taxonomía |


A tribo foi definida en 1921 polo zoólogo británico John Edward Gray, na súa obra "On the natural arrangement of Vertebrose Animals" (publicada en London Medical Repository 15: 296–310).


O termo do latín científico Bovini adáptase aquí como bovininos para non confundilo co nome da subfamilia, bovinos (Bovinae), adaptando a desinencia empregada para formar os nomes das tribos, -íni, como -inini, igual que se fai noutros idiomas romances, como o portugués,[1] ou o castelán.[2]


A continuación faise unha relación dos actuais xéneros e especies:[3]


Tribo Bovini


  • Xénero Bison

    • Bison bison - bisonte americano


    • Bison bonasus - bisonte europeo


  • Xénero Bos

    • Bos primigenius - uro (extinguido)


    • Bos javanicus - banteng


    • Bos gaurus - gauro


    • Bos frontalis - gaial


    • Bos mutus - iac


    • Bos taurus - boi doméstico (considerado, cada vez máis, como unha subespecie de Bos primigenius)


    • Bos indicus - cebú


    • Bos sauveli - cuprei


  • Xénero Bubalus

    • Bubalus bubalis - búfalo acuático


    • Bubalus depressicornis - anoa das chairas


    • Bubalus quarlesi -anoa de montaña


    • Bubalus mindorensis - tamarao


  • Xénero Pseudoryx

    • Pseudoryx nghetinhensis - saola

  • Xénerto Syncerus

    • Syncerus caffer - búfalo africano


Evolución |


As relacións máis próximas a esta tribo son coas tribos Boselaphini e Tragelaphini. O antepasado común de todas as especies dos Bovini parece ser que viviu hai uns 5 millóns de anos.
Os primeiros clados que diverxeron foron os das especies dos búfalos (xéneros Bubalus e Syncerus). A continuación separáronse os clados das especies banteng e gauro e o touro doméstico.
É posíbel que tamén existira un cuarto clado que comprendería aos bisontes e os iacs.[4]



Árbore filoxenética |


Recentes estudos de filoxenia permitiron establecer a árbore filoxenética seguinte:[5][6]




 Bovini 




  


  Bubalina    




 Syncerus 

 (búfalo cafre)



 Bubalus 

 (búfalo acuático)





  




 Pseudorygina 

 (saola)



 Bovina 




  

 Bos taurus (boi doméstico) e Bison bonasus (bisonte europeo)



  




  

 (iac e Bison bison (bisonte americano)



  

 (banteng, (cuprei e gauro/gaial)







Nótese que a posición do xénero Bison está en discusión.



Importancia económica |


Os bovininos están presentes en todos os continentes. A súa poboación global ascende a 1,5 billóns cabezas (das que 1,4 billóns son vacúns e 150 millósnes cebús).


Empréganse para o traballo agrícola, aspecto importante aínda nos países subdesenvolvidos, para o aproveitamento do leite, que ademais de ser un fundamental alimento é unha fonte importante de graxa (manteiga), e da carne (excepto na India). Tamén se utiliza a súa pel (para a fabricación do coiro), os seus cornos, e a bosta, como fertilizante, ademais de utilizarse, seca, como combustíbel nalgúns países, e mesmo para a construción de vivendas (cabanas), como entre os masai de Kenya.



Notas |




  1. ↑ Bovininos Arquivado 20 de outubro de 2014 en Wayback Machine. en Campoagro.com.br


  2. ↑ Bovinos en Universidad de Salamanca. Diccionario médico-biológico, histórico y etimológico.


  3. ↑ Coa excepción, por razóns didácticas, do uro.


  4. ↑ Maceachern S.; McEwan J. & Goddard M. (2009): "Phylogenetic reconstruction and the identification of ancient polymorphism in the Bovini tribe (Bovidae, Bovinae)", BMC Genomics 10 (1): 177. Resumo


  5. ↑ Alexandre Hassanin & Anne Ropiquet (2004): "Molecular phylogeny of the tribe Bovini (Bovidae, Bovinae) and the taxonomic status of the Kouprey, Bos sauveli Urbain 1937


  6. ↑ Jonathan D. Margot (2007): "Molecular phylogeny of terrestrial artiodactyls". En Donald R. Prothero et Scott E. Foss, dir. The Evolution of Artiodactyls. ISBN 978-0-8018-8735-2.



Véxase tamén |







Bibliografía |


  • Kowalski, Kazimierz (1981): Mamíferos. Manual de teriología. Madrid: H. Blume Ediciones. ISBN 84-7214-229-9.

  • Wilson, D. E. & D. M. Reeder, editors (2005): Mammal species of the world: a taxonomic and geographic reference. Third edition. The Johns Hopkins University Press. Baltimore, Maryland, USA. ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.


Outros artigos |


  • Bóvidos

  • Bovinos

  • Vaca


Ligazóns externas |



  • Bovinae en ultimateungulate.com (en inglés)


Control de autoridades

  • Wd: Q192205

  • GND: 4076734-6



Identificadores taxonómicos

  • EOL: 10636113

  • Fossilworks: 100490




Traído desde "https://gl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bovininos&oldid=4889888"










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