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Australidelfos Índice Historia evolutiva | Clasificación | Filoxenia | Notas | Véxase tamén | Menú de navegaciónLATimes.Com Australia's marsupials originated in what is now South America, study says"Tracking Marsupial Evolution Using Archaic Genomic Retroposon Insertions"Systema Naturae 2000. The TaxonomiconMikko's Phylogeny ArchiveArquivado99550

Marsupiais


cladomamíferosmarsupiaisAustralasiaChileArxentinaamericanosinfraclaseameridelfosTerracretáceocontinenteGondwanaAustraliaAntártidaSudaméricaradiación adaptativaOceaníaretrotransposónsADN nuclearsuramericanasAmérica do SurAustraliadispersión1982antropólogazoólogaaustralianaAlexandra SzalayISBN 978-0-9599951-3-8ordesfamiliascladogramaSzalay












Australidelfos




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Australidelfos
Australidelphia
Rango fósil: cretáceo - actualidade [1]

Coala (Phascolarctos cinereus)
Coala (Phascolarctos cinereus)

Clasificación científica






















Reino:

Animalia

Subreino:

Bilateria

Superfilo:

Deuterostomia


Filo:

Chordata

Subfilo:

Vertebrata

Infrafilo:

Gnathostomata

Superclase:

Tetrapoda


Clase:

Mammalia

Infraclase:

Marsupialia

Magnorde:

Australidelphia
Szalay, 1982

Ordes e Familias

Véxae o texto




Uómbat común (Vombatus ursinus).




Formigueiro marsupial ou numbat (Myrmecobius fasciatus).




Bandicut coello (Macrotis lagotis).





Dromiciops gliroides, o único australiadelfo americano.


Os autralidelfos (Australidelphia) son un clado (magnorde ou superorde, segundo os autores) de mamíferos que inclúe ao redor das tres cuartas partes dos marsupiais actuais, practicamente todos orixinarios da Australasia, coa única excepción da especie Dromiciops gliroides, o popular colocolo, que vive nos bosques de Chile e Arxentina. Os demais marsupiais americanos son membros do outro grupo ou clado (ou magnorde, ou superorde, segundo as clasificacións) en que se divide a infraclase dos marsupiais, o dos ameridelfos.




Índice





  • 1 Historia evolutiva


  • 2 Clasificación


  • 3 Filoxenia


  • 4 Notas


  • 5 Véxase tamén

    • 5.1 Bibliografía


    • 5.2 Outros artigos





Historia evolutiva |


Os australidelfios apareceron na Terra durante o cretáceo no continente austral coñecido como Gondwana (que englobaba a actual Australia, a Antártida e Sudamérica), producíndose unha radiación adaptativa por todo o territorio, aínda que con posterioridade desaparecesen de grandes áreas, quedando na actualidade só un representante fóra de Oceanía, o chamado monito do monte (Dromiciops gliroides). E é precisamente a este ao que máis se asemellan as especies máis antigas coñecidas.[2]


En efecto, a análise dos sitios de inserción dos retrotransposóns no ADN nuclear dun certo número de marsupiais mostrou que a liñase do monito del monte é o máis basal do grupo.[3][4]. Os australidelfos forman un clado para o que se propuxo o nome de Euaustralidelphia, aínda que na actualidade o oficial é Australidelphia. As conexións dentro deste grupo seguen sen determinarse.[4].


Os estudos puideron mostrar igualmente que os máis primitivos de todos os marsupiais son as dúas liñaxes suramericanas (Didelphimorphia e Paucituberculata, a primeira delas certamente a máis antiga). Isto indica que os Australidelphia apareceron en América do Sur e que probabelmente alcanzaron Australia nun único episodio, despois da dispersión dos Microbiotheria.[3][4]



Clasificación |


O grupo foi descito en 1982 pola antropóloga e zoóloga australiana Alexandra Szalay, no seu traballo "A new appreaisal of marsupial phylogeny and classification", pp. 621–640, en M. Archer, ed. (1982): Carnivorous Marsupials, volume 2. Sydney: Royal Zoological Society of New Wales. ISBN 978-0-9599951-3-8.


Comprende as ordes familias seguintes:



  • Orde Dasyuromorphia (71 especies)
    • Familia Thylacinidae †

    • Familia Dasyuridae - dasiúros e epecies relacionadas



  • Orde Diprotodontia (117 especies)
    • Familia Phascolarctidae - coala

    • Familia Vombatidae - uombats

    • Familia Phalangeridae - falanxeros e coscús

    • Familia Burramyidae- sarigüeias ananas

    • Familia Tarsipedidae - rato do mel

    • Familia Petauridae - petauros

    • Familia Pseudocheiridae

    • Familia Pseudocheiridae - potoros e ratas canguro

    • Familia Acrobatidae - acróbata e falanxero de cola plumosa

    • Familia Hypsiprymnodontidae - rata canguro almiscreira

    • Familia Macropodidae - canguros, ualabís e semellantes



  • Orde Microbiotheria (1 especie)
    • Familia Microbiotheriidae - Dromiciops gliroides (monito del monte)

    • Familia Myrmecobiidae - formigueiro marsupial ou numbat



  • Orde Notoryctemorphia (2 especies)
    • Familia Notoryctidae - toupas marsupiais


  • Orde Peramelemorphia (21 especies)
    • Familia Thylacomyidae - bilbís

    • Familia Chaeropodidae † - o bandicut de pés de porco

    • Familia Peramelidae - bandicuts



Filoxenia |


Un cladograma resumido da magnorde é o seguinte:[5][6]—o Magnorde Australidelphia - Szalay, 1982


 |-o Superorde Microbiotheria - (Ameghino, 1889) 
 | `-o Orde Microbiotheria - Ameghino, 1889
 `-o Superorde Eometatheria - (Simpson, 1970)
 |-o Orde Notoryctemorphia - (Kirsch, 1977)
 |-o Orde Yalkaparidontia - Archer et al., 1988 (†)
 |-o Granorde Dasyuromorphia - (Gill, 1872)
 | `-o Orde Dasyuromorphia - (Gill, 1872)
 `-o Granorde Syndactyli - (Gill, 1871)
 |-o Orde Diprotodontia - Owen, 1866 
 `-o Orde Peramelemorphia - (Kirsch, 1968)


Notas |




  1. ↑ Kielan-Jaworowska, Z.; Cifelli, R. L. & Luo, Z.-X. (2004): Mammals from the Age of Dinosaurs: Origins, evolution, and structure. Nova York: Columbia University Press.


  2. ↑ Grzimek, B.; Schlager, N. e Olendorf, D. (2003): Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia. Detroit; Thomson Gale. ISBN 0-8760-7876-6573-8.


  3. ↑ 3,03,1 Schiewe, Jessie (2010): LATimes.Com Australia's marsupials originated in what is now South America, study says Los Angeles Times, 28 de xullo de 2010.


  4. ↑ 4,04,14,2 Nilsson, M. A.; G. Churakov, M. Sommer, N. Van Tran, A. Zemann, J. Brosius & J. Schmitz (2010): "Tracking Marsupial Evolution Using Archaic Genomic Retroposon Insertions" PLoS Biology 8 (7): e1000436.


  5. ↑ Brands, S. J. (comp.) (2005): Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, Holanda.


  6. ↑ Mikko Haaramo (2007): Mikko's Phylogeny Archive Arquivado 05 de novembro de 2005 en Wayback Machine..



Véxase tamén |





Bibliografía |


  • Archer, M., ed. (1982): Carnivorous Marsupials, volume 2. Sydney: Royal Zoological Society of New Wales. ISBN 978-0-9599951-3-8.

  • Kemp, T. S. (2005): The Origin & Evolution of Mammals. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-850761-5.


Outros artigos |


  • Marsupiais

  • Ameridelfos



Identificadores taxonómicos

  • Fossilworks: 99550



Traído desde "https://gl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Australidelfos&oldid=4845173"










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