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Gádidos Índice Anatomía | Hábitat e forma de vida | Taxonomía | Notas | Véxase tamén | Menú de navegaciónFish Base300310591410924708597-600572713Gadidae200200655031GADUF65854370163742115438164701NHMSYS00210533108045138673114121125469

Gadiformes


peixesGadiformesbacallauburromerlánabadexofanecaclupeidoslatíngadiformegrego antigofósilOligocenoEra Terciariaaletasvómerinvertebradosbancosmigran












Gádidos




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Gádidos
Gadidae

Bacallau (Gadus morhua)
Bacallau (Gadus morhua)

Clasificación científica




















Reino:

Animalia


Filo:

Chordata

Subfilo:

Vertebrata

Infrafilo:

Gnathostomata

Superclase:

Osteichthyes


Clase:

Actinopterygii

Subclase:

Neopterygii


Orde:

Gadiformes


Familia:

Gadidae
Rafinesque, 1810

Xéneros

  • Arctogadus

  • Boreogadus

  • Eleginus

  • Gadiculus

  • Gadus

  • Melanogrammus

  • Merlangius

  • Microgadus

  • Micromesistius

  • Pollachius

  • Raniceps

  • Theragra

  • Trisopterus


Os gádidos (familia Gadidae) son peixes mariños da orde Gadiformes. Inclúe especies de gran importancia comercial coma o bacallau, burro, merlán, abadexo ou a faneca, e constitúe a segunda familia, despois dos clupeidos, en volume mundial de pesca.[1].


O nome procede do latín gadus, nome dun peixe indeterminado, probabelmente un gadiforme,[2] e este do grego antigo γάδος gádos, co mesmo significado.[3]


Aparecen por primeira vez no rexistro fósil no Oligoceno, a metade do Era Terciaria [4].




Índice





  • 1 Anatomía


  • 2 Hábitat e forma de vida


  • 3 Taxonomía


  • 4 Notas


  • 5 Véxase tamén

    • 5.1 Ligazóns externas





Anatomía |


Son todos peixes fusiformes, con tres aletas dorsais e dúas anais, todas elas sen espiñas, coa base das aletas pélvicas por diante das pectorais. Presentan dentes no óso vómer da boca e adoitan ter barbas na queixada inferior. Alcanzan tamaños máximos de ata 2 m no caso do Gadus morhua.



Hábitat e forma de vida |


Os membros desta familia distribúense fundamentalmente poas zonas circunpolares e augas temperadas, principalmente no hemisferio norte.


A maioría das especies son bentopeláxicas e aliméntanse doutros peixes e invertebrados. Resulta común que os exemplares xuvenís se agrupen en grandes bancos que migran longas distancias.



Taxonomía |


Considérase que a familia Gadidae divídese nun total de 24 especies válidas, agrupadas en 13 xéneros (FishBase):



  • Xénero Arctogadus (Dryagin, 1932)

    • Arctogadus borisovi (Dryagin, 1932) - Bacallau do leste siberiano


    • Arctogadus glacialis (Peters, 1872) - Bacallau do Ártico.



  • Xénero Boreogadus (Günther, 1862)

    • Boreogadus saida (Lepechin, 1774) - Bacallau polar.


  • Xénero Eleginus (Fischer, 1813)

    • Eleginus gracilis (Tilesius, 1810) - Bacallau do Ártico.


    • Eleginus nawaga (Koelreuter, 1770) - Bacallau navaga.



  • Xénero Gadiculus (Guichenot, 1850)

    • Gadiculus argenteus (Guichenot, 1850) - Faneca prateada.

      • Gadiculus argenteus argenteus (Guichenot, 1850)


      • Gadiculus argenteus thori (Schmidt, 1914)



  • Xénero Gadus (Linnaeus, 1758)

    • Gadus macrocephalus (Tilesius, 1810) - Bacallau do Pacífico.


    • Gadus morhua (Linnaeus, 1758) - Bacallau común ou Bacallau do Atlántico.


    • Gadus ogac (Richardson, 1836) - Bacallau de Groenlandia.



  • Xénero Melanogrammus (Gill, 1862)

    • Melanogrammus aeglefinus (Linnaeus, 1758) - Fogueiro ou Burro


  • Xénero Merlangius (Geoffroy, 1767)

    • Merlangius merlangus (Linnaeus, 1758) - Bacalada, merlán ou sarreta


  • Xénero Microgadus (Gill, 1865)

    • Microgadus proximus (Girard, 1854)


    • Microgadus tomcod (Walbaum, 1792)



  • Xénero Micromesistius (Gill, 1863)

    • Micromesistius australis (Norman, 1937) - Lirio austral.


    • Micromesistius poutassou (Risso, 1827) - Lirio.



  • Xénero Pollachius (Nilsson, 1832)

    • Pollachius pollachius (Linnaeus, 1758) - Abadexo.


    • Pollachius virens (Linnaeus, 1758) - Faneca prateada.



  • Xénero Raniceps (Oken, 1817)

    • Raniceps raninus (Linnaeus, 1758) - Bertorella anana.


  • Xénero Theragra (Lucas, 1898)

    • Theragra chalcogramma (Pallas, 1814) - Abadexo e Alasca.


    • Theragra finnmarchica (Koefoed, 1956) - Abadexo de Noruega.



  • Xénero Trisopterus (Rafinesque, 1814)

    • Trisopterus esmarkii (Nilsson, 1855) - Faneca norueguesa.


    • Trisopterus luscus (Linnaeus, 1758) - Faneca


    • Trisopterus minutus (Linnaeus, 1758) - Fodón.



Notas |




  1. ↑ Cohen, D.M.; T. Inada, T. Iwamoto y N. Scialabba (1990). "FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to dat". FAO Fish. Synop 10 (125): 442. 


  2. ↑ P. Romero: An etymological dictionary of taxonomy, Madrid 2002


  3. ↑ Merriam-Webster's Unabridged Dictionary.


  4. ↑ L. S. Berg: System der rezenten und fossilen Fischartigen und Fische, VEB Verlag der Wissenschaften, Berlín, 1958.



Véxase tamén |







Ligazóns externas |


  • Fish Base


Control de autoridades

  • Wd: Q208028

  • AAT: 300310591

  • BNCF: 41092

  • GND: 4708597-6

  • NDL: 00572713



Identificadores taxonómicos

  • ADW: Gadidae

  • Dyntaxa: 2002006

  • EOL: 5503

  • EPPO: 1GADUF

  • Fossilworks: 65854

  • GBIF: 3701

  • iNaturalist: 63742

  • IRMNG: 115438

  • ITIS: 164701

  • NBN: NHMSYS0021053310

  • NCBI: 8045

  • Soortenregister: 138673

  • uBio: 114121

  • WoRMS: 125469




Traído desde "https://gl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gádidos&oldid=4271009"










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