ping and traceroute does not work when UFW deny outgoing by defaultCan't connect to MySql server on remote serverFirewall still blocking port 53 despite listing otherwise?UFW/IPTables: after setting default outgoing deny, and port 80 outgoing allow, curl still doesn't workUFW/IPTables: how to securely allow authenticated git access with githubTrying to make iptables stateless is causing unforeseen filteringProblems with multicasts in “iptables”UFW blocks permitted portsFirewall rules for ssh, ftp and webappsping other machines in my LAN to windows 2012 r2 host - KVM ubuntu 16.04ufw deny network rule not working
1980s (or earlier) book where people live a long time but they have short memories
What happened to all the nuclear material being smuggled after the fall of the USSR?
Is the decompression of compressed and encrypted data without decryption also theoretically impossible?
Why is the relationship between frequency and pitch exponential?
Secure offsite backup, even in the case of hacker root access
Pronoun introduced before its antecedent
Did thousands of women die every year due to illegal abortions before Roe v. Wade?
Responsibility for visa checking
In this example, which path would a monster affected by the Dissonant Whispers spell take?
What are the words for people who cause trouble believing they know better?
How do you build a story from a world?
Convert camelCase and PascalCase to Title Case
What's the logic behind the the organization of Hamburg's bus transport into "rings"?
Why don't B747s start takeoffs with full throttle?
Who operates delivery flights for commercial airlines?
Do adult Russians normally hand-write Cyrillic as cursive or as block letters?
Explain Ant-Man's "not it" scene from Avengers: Endgame
Movie where a boy is transported into the future by an alien spaceship
Applicants clearly not having the skills they advertise
What's the correct term for a waitress in the Middle Ages?
The ring of global sections of a regular scheme
Java 8: How to convert String to Map<String,List<String>>?
Incremental Ranges!
Is it a problem that pull requests are approved without any comments
ping and traceroute does not work when UFW deny outgoing by default
Can't connect to MySql server on remote serverFirewall still blocking port 53 despite listing otherwise?UFW/IPTables: after setting default outgoing deny, and port 80 outgoing allow, curl still doesn't workUFW/IPTables: how to securely allow authenticated git access with githubTrying to make iptables stateless is causing unforeseen filteringProblems with multicasts in “iptables”UFW blocks permitted portsFirewall rules for ssh, ftp and webappsping other machines in my LAN to windows 2012 r2 host - KVM ubuntu 16.04ufw deny network rule not working
.everyoneloves__top-leaderboard:empty,.everyoneloves__mid-leaderboard:empty,.everyoneloves__bot-mid-leaderboard:empty height:90px;width:728px;box-sizing:border-box;
How to make ping and traceroute work after setting UFW with deny outgoing by default?
Here is my UFW configuration:
sudo ufw status verbose
Status: active
Logging: on (low)
Default: deny (incoming), deny (outgoing), disabled (routed)
New profiles: skip
To Action From
-- ------ ----
123/udp ALLOW IN Anywhere
80/tcp ALLOW IN Anywhere
443/tcp ALLOW IN Anywhere
123/udp (v6) ALLOW IN Anywhere (v6)
80/tcp (v6) ALLOW IN Anywhere (v6)
443/tcp (v6) ALLOW IN Anywhere (v6)
53 ALLOW OUT Anywhere
80/tcp ALLOW OUT Anywhere
443/tcp ALLOW OUT Anywhere
587/tcp ALLOW OUT Anywhere
123/udp ALLOW OUT Anywhere
53 (v6) ALLOW OUT Anywhere (v6)
80/tcp (v6) ALLOW OUT Anywhere (v6)
443/tcp (v6) ALLOW OUT Anywhere (v6)
587/tcp (v6) ALLOW OUT Anywhere (v6)
123/udp (v6) ALLOW OUT Anywhere (v6)
Here are ping and traceroute results:
ping google.com
PING google.com (173.194.121.34) 56(84) bytes of data.
ping: sendmsg: Operation not permitted
traceroute google.com
traceroute to google.com (173.194.121.34), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets
send: Operation not permitted
I found this post (http://www.kelvinism.com/2010/09/enable-icmp-through-ufw_461.html) that recommends to add these lines to /etc/ufw/before.rules:
# allow outbound icmp
-A ufw-before-output -p icmp -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT
-A ufw-before-output -p icmp -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT
It seems to work for ping but not for traceroute. Any idea?
Thanks
networking firewall ufw
asked Dec 6 '14 at 22:11
MichaelMichael
216312
add a comment |
How to make ping and traceroute work after setting UFW with deny outgoing by default?
Here is my UFW configuration:
sudo ufw status verbose
Status: active
Logging: on (low)
Default: deny (incoming), deny (outgoing), disabled (routed)
New profiles: skip
To Action From
-- ------ ----
123/udp ALLOW IN Anywhere
80/tcp ALLOW IN Anywhere
443/tcp ALLOW IN Anywhere
123/udp (v6) ALLOW IN Anywhere (v6)
80/tcp (v6) ALLOW IN Anywhere (v6)
443/tcp (v6) ALLOW IN Anywhere (v6)
53 ALLOW OUT Anywhere
80/tcp ALLOW OUT Anywhere
443/tcp ALLOW OUT Anywhere
587/tcp ALLOW OUT Anywhere
123/udp ALLOW OUT Anywhere
53 (v6) ALLOW OUT Anywhere (v6)
80/tcp (v6) ALLOW OUT Anywhere (v6)
443/tcp (v6) ALLOW OUT Anywhere (v6)
587/tcp (v6) ALLOW OUT Anywhere (v6)
123/udp (v6) ALLOW OUT Anywhere (v6)
Here are ping and traceroute results:
ping google.com
PING google.com (173.194.121.34) 56(84) bytes of data.
ping: sendmsg: Operation not permitted
traceroute google.com
traceroute to google.com (173.194.121.34), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets
send: Operation not permitted
I found this post (http://www.kelvinism.com/2010/09/enable-icmp-through-ufw_461.html) that recommends to add these lines to /etc/ufw/before.rules:
# allow outbound icmp
-A ufw-before-output -p icmp -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT
-A ufw-before-output -p icmp -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT
It seems to work for ping but not for traceroute. Any idea?
Thanks
networking firewall ufw
asked Dec 6 '14 at 22:11
MichaelMichael
216312
add a comment |
How to make ping and traceroute work after setting UFW with deny outgoing by default?
Here is my UFW configuration:
sudo ufw status verbose
Status: active
Logging: on (low)
Default: deny (incoming), deny (outgoing), disabled (routed)
New profiles: skip
To Action From
-- ------ ----
123/udp ALLOW IN Anywhere
80/tcp ALLOW IN Anywhere
443/tcp ALLOW IN Anywhere
123/udp (v6) ALLOW IN Anywhere (v6)
80/tcp (v6) ALLOW IN Anywhere (v6)
443/tcp (v6) ALLOW IN Anywhere (v6)
53 ALLOW OUT Anywhere
80/tcp ALLOW OUT Anywhere
443/tcp ALLOW OUT Anywhere
587/tcp ALLOW OUT Anywhere
123/udp ALLOW OUT Anywhere
53 (v6) ALLOW OUT Anywhere (v6)
80/tcp (v6) ALLOW OUT Anywhere (v6)
443/tcp (v6) ALLOW OUT Anywhere (v6)
587/tcp (v6) ALLOW OUT Anywhere (v6)
123/udp (v6) ALLOW OUT Anywhere (v6)
Here are ping and traceroute results:
ping google.com
PING google.com (173.194.121.34) 56(84) bytes of data.
ping: sendmsg: Operation not permitted
traceroute google.com
traceroute to google.com (173.194.121.34), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets
send: Operation not permitted
I found this post (http://www.kelvinism.com/2010/09/enable-icmp-through-ufw_461.html) that recommends to add these lines to /etc/ufw/before.rules:
# allow outbound icmp
-A ufw-before-output -p icmp -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT
-A ufw-before-output -p icmp -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT
It seems to work for ping but not for traceroute. Any idea?
Thanks
networking firewall ufw
asked Dec 6 '14 at 22:11
MichaelMichael
216312
How to make ping and traceroute work after setting UFW with deny outgoing by default?
Here is my UFW configuration:
sudo ufw status verbose
Status: active
Logging: on (low)
Default: deny (incoming), deny (outgoing), disabled (routed)
New profiles: skip
To Action From
-- ------ ----
123/udp ALLOW IN Anywhere
80/tcp ALLOW IN Anywhere
443/tcp ALLOW IN Anywhere
123/udp (v6) ALLOW IN Anywhere (v6)
80/tcp (v6) ALLOW IN Anywhere (v6)
443/tcp (v6) ALLOW IN Anywhere (v6)
53 ALLOW OUT Anywhere
80/tcp ALLOW OUT Anywhere
443/tcp ALLOW OUT Anywhere
587/tcp ALLOW OUT Anywhere
123/udp ALLOW OUT Anywhere
53 (v6) ALLOW OUT Anywhere (v6)
80/tcp (v6) ALLOW OUT Anywhere (v6)
443/tcp (v6) ALLOW OUT Anywhere (v6)
587/tcp (v6) ALLOW OUT Anywhere (v6)
123/udp (v6) ALLOW OUT Anywhere (v6)
Here are ping and traceroute results:
ping google.com
PING google.com (173.194.121.34) 56(84) bytes of data.
ping: sendmsg: Operation not permitted
traceroute google.com
traceroute to google.com (173.194.121.34), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets
send: Operation not permitted
I found this post (http://www.kelvinism.com/2010/09/enable-icmp-through-ufw_461.html) that recommends to add these lines to /etc/ufw/before.rules:
# allow outbound icmp
-A ufw-before-output -p icmp -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT
-A ufw-before-output -p icmp -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT
It seems to work for ping but not for traceroute. Any idea?
Thanks
networking firewall ufw
networking firewall ufw
asked Dec 6 '14 at 22:11
MichaelMichael
216312
asked Dec 6 '14 at 22:11
MichaelMichael
216312
asked Dec 6 '14 at 22:11
MichaelMichael
216312
asked Dec 6 '14 at 22:11
MichaelMichael
216312
asked Dec 6 '14 at 22:11
MichaelMichael
216312
216312
add a comment |
add a comment |
4 Answers
4
active
oldest
votes
Suggest you allow a wider ICMP response.
-A ufw-before-input -p icmp --icmp-type destination-unreachable -j ACCEPT
-A ufw-before-input -p icmp --icmp-type source-quench -j ACCEPT
-A ufw-before-input -p icmp --icmp-type time-exceeded -j ACCEPT
-A ufw-before-input -p icmp --icmp-type parameter-problem -j ACCEPT
-A ufw-before-input -p icmp --icmp-type echo-request -j ACCEPT
answered Dec 6 '14 at 22:58
ServerMonkeyServerMonkey
188212
These rules are for input, not output correct? They are already by default in my/etc/ufw/before.rulesfile and I still had the issue. I think I need output rules to make things work. I still canot make traceroute work though.
– Michael
Dec 7 '14 at 18:11
Have you tried sudo traceroute www.google.com?
– ServerMonkey
Dec 8 '14 at 0:49
Thanks, it helped. I also had to use the -I option (Use ICMP ECHO for tracerouting).
– Michael
Dec 8 '14 at 4:32
add a comment |
For traceroute you need to allow outgoing UDP packets in the range 33434:33524. Some tools will allow you to use ICMP echo requests as well. As you have PING working, you must have enabled ICMP echo-requests packets.
Return packets will be mostly ICMP time-exceeded packets. If you have enabled the required ICMP types, you won't need to configure anything.
answered Dec 7 '14 at 20:02
BillThor BillThor
24.9k22662
It works with sudo and the -I option. Thanks for your time.
– Michael
Dec 8 '14 at 4:34
add a comment |
I had to use sudo for traceroute and the -I option (Use ICMP ECHO for tracerouting):
sudo traceroute google.com -I
answered Dec 8 '14 at 4:33
MichaelMichael
216312
add a comment |
This worked for me:
ufw allow out to any port 33434:33524 proto udp
answered Dec 19 '18 at 8:59
Rob MascaroRob Mascaro
101
add a comment |
Your Answer
StackExchange.ready(function()
var channelOptions =
tags: "".split(" "),
id: "2"
;
initTagRenderer("".split(" "), "".split(" "), channelOptions);
StackExchange.using("externalEditor", function()
// Have to fire editor after snippets, if snippets enabled
if (StackExchange.settings.snippets.snippetsEnabled)
StackExchange.using("snippets", function()
createEditor();
);
else
createEditor();
);
function createEditor()
StackExchange.prepareEditor(
heartbeatType: 'answer',
autoActivateHeartbeat: false,
convertImagesToLinks: true,
noModals: true,
showLowRepImageUploadWarning: true,
reputationToPostImages: 10,
bindNavPrevention: true,
postfix: "",
imageUploader:
brandingHtml: "Powered by u003ca class="icon-imgur-white" href="https://imgur.com/"u003eu003c/au003e",
contentPolicyHtml: "User contributions licensed under u003ca href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/"u003ecc by-sa 3.0 with attribution requiredu003c/au003e u003ca href="https://stackoverflow.com/legal/content-policy"u003e(content policy)u003c/au003e",
allowUrls: true
,
onDemand: true,
discardSelector: ".discard-answer"
,immediatelyShowMarkdownHelp:true
);
);
Sign up or log in
StackExchange.ready(function ()
StackExchange.helpers.onClickDraftSave('#login-link');
);
Sign up using Google
Sign up using Facebook
Sign up using Email and Password
Post as a guest
Required, but never shown
StackExchange.ready(
function ()
StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2fserverfault.com%2fquestions%2f649730%2fping-and-traceroute-does-not-work-when-ufw-deny-outgoing-by-default%23new-answer', 'question_page');
);
Post as a guest
Required, but never shown
4 Answers
4
active
oldest
votes
4 Answers
4
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
Suggest you allow a wider ICMP response.
-A ufw-before-input -p icmp --icmp-type destination-unreachable -j ACCEPT
-A ufw-before-input -p icmp --icmp-type source-quench -j ACCEPT
-A ufw-before-input -p icmp --icmp-type time-exceeded -j ACCEPT
-A ufw-before-input -p icmp --icmp-type parameter-problem -j ACCEPT
-A ufw-before-input -p icmp --icmp-type echo-request -j ACCEPT
answered Dec 6 '14 at 22:58
ServerMonkeyServerMonkey
188212
These rules are for input, not output correct? They are already by default in my/etc/ufw/before.rulesfile and I still had the issue. I think I need output rules to make things work. I still canot make traceroute work though.
– Michael
Dec 7 '14 at 18:11
Have you tried sudo traceroute www.google.com?
– ServerMonkey
Dec 8 '14 at 0:49
Thanks, it helped. I also had to use the -I option (Use ICMP ECHO for tracerouting).
– Michael
Dec 8 '14 at 4:32
add a comment |
Suggest you allow a wider ICMP response.
-A ufw-before-input -p icmp --icmp-type destination-unreachable -j ACCEPT
-A ufw-before-input -p icmp --icmp-type source-quench -j ACCEPT
-A ufw-before-input -p icmp --icmp-type time-exceeded -j ACCEPT
-A ufw-before-input -p icmp --icmp-type parameter-problem -j ACCEPT
-A ufw-before-input -p icmp --icmp-type echo-request -j ACCEPT
answered Dec 6 '14 at 22:58
ServerMonkeyServerMonkey
188212
These rules are for input, not output correct? They are already by default in my/etc/ufw/before.rulesfile and I still had the issue. I think I need output rules to make things work. I still canot make traceroute work though.
– Michael
Dec 7 '14 at 18:11
Have you tried sudo traceroute www.google.com?
– ServerMonkey
Dec 8 '14 at 0:49
Thanks, it helped. I also had to use the -I option (Use ICMP ECHO for tracerouting).
– Michael
Dec 8 '14 at 4:32
add a comment |
Suggest you allow a wider ICMP response.
-A ufw-before-input -p icmp --icmp-type destination-unreachable -j ACCEPT
-A ufw-before-input -p icmp --icmp-type source-quench -j ACCEPT
-A ufw-before-input -p icmp --icmp-type time-exceeded -j ACCEPT
-A ufw-before-input -p icmp --icmp-type parameter-problem -j ACCEPT
-A ufw-before-input -p icmp --icmp-type echo-request -j ACCEPT
answered Dec 6 '14 at 22:58
ServerMonkeyServerMonkey
188212
Suggest you allow a wider ICMP response.
-A ufw-before-input -p icmp --icmp-type destination-unreachable -j ACCEPT
-A ufw-before-input -p icmp --icmp-type source-quench -j ACCEPT
-A ufw-before-input -p icmp --icmp-type time-exceeded -j ACCEPT
-A ufw-before-input -p icmp --icmp-type parameter-problem -j ACCEPT
-A ufw-before-input -p icmp --icmp-type echo-request -j ACCEPT
answered Dec 6 '14 at 22:58
ServerMonkeyServerMonkey
188212
edited Dec 6 '14 at 23:07
answered Dec 6 '14 at 22:58
ServerMonkeyServerMonkey
188212
answered Dec 6 '14 at 22:58
ServerMonkeyServerMonkey
188212
answered Dec 6 '14 at 22:58
ServerMonkeyServerMonkey
188212
188212
These rules are for input, not output correct? They are already by default in my/etc/ufw/before.rulesfile and I still had the issue. I think I need output rules to make things work. I still canot make traceroute work though.
– Michael
Dec 7 '14 at 18:11
Have you tried sudo traceroute www.google.com?
– ServerMonkey
Dec 8 '14 at 0:49
Thanks, it helped. I also had to use the -I option (Use ICMP ECHO for tracerouting).
– Michael
Dec 8 '14 at 4:32
add a comment |
These rules are for input, not output correct? They are already by default in my/etc/ufw/before.rulesfile and I still had the issue. I think I need output rules to make things work. I still canot make traceroute work though.
– Michael
Dec 7 '14 at 18:11
Have you tried sudo traceroute www.google.com?
– ServerMonkey
Dec 8 '14 at 0:49
Thanks, it helped. I also had to use the -I option (Use ICMP ECHO for tracerouting).
– Michael
Dec 8 '14 at 4:32
These rules are for input, not output correct? They are already by default in my
/etc/ufw/before.rules file and I still had the issue. I think I need output rules to make things work. I still canot make traceroute work though.– Michael
Dec 7 '14 at 18:11
These rules are for input, not output correct? They are already by default in my
/etc/ufw/before.rules file and I still had the issue. I think I need output rules to make things work. I still canot make traceroute work though.– Michael
Dec 7 '14 at 18:11
Have you tried sudo traceroute www.google.com?
– ServerMonkey
Dec 8 '14 at 0:49
Have you tried sudo traceroute www.google.com?
– ServerMonkey
Dec 8 '14 at 0:49
Thanks, it helped. I also had to use the -I option (Use ICMP ECHO for tracerouting).
– Michael
Dec 8 '14 at 4:32
Thanks, it helped. I also had to use the -I option (Use ICMP ECHO for tracerouting).
– Michael
Dec 8 '14 at 4:32
add a comment |
For traceroute you need to allow outgoing UDP packets in the range 33434:33524. Some tools will allow you to use ICMP echo requests as well. As you have PING working, you must have enabled ICMP echo-requests packets.
Return packets will be mostly ICMP time-exceeded packets. If you have enabled the required ICMP types, you won't need to configure anything.
answered Dec 7 '14 at 20:02
BillThor BillThor
24.9k22662
It works with sudo and the -I option. Thanks for your time.
– Michael
Dec 8 '14 at 4:34
add a comment |
For traceroute you need to allow outgoing UDP packets in the range 33434:33524. Some tools will allow you to use ICMP echo requests as well. As you have PING working, you must have enabled ICMP echo-requests packets.
Return packets will be mostly ICMP time-exceeded packets. If you have enabled the required ICMP types, you won't need to configure anything.
answered Dec 7 '14 at 20:02
BillThor BillThor
24.9k22662
It works with sudo and the -I option. Thanks for your time.
– Michael
Dec 8 '14 at 4:34
add a comment |
For traceroute you need to allow outgoing UDP packets in the range 33434:33524. Some tools will allow you to use ICMP echo requests as well. As you have PING working, you must have enabled ICMP echo-requests packets.
Return packets will be mostly ICMP time-exceeded packets. If you have enabled the required ICMP types, you won't need to configure anything.
answered Dec 7 '14 at 20:02
BillThor BillThor
24.9k22662
For traceroute you need to allow outgoing UDP packets in the range 33434:33524. Some tools will allow you to use ICMP echo requests as well. As you have PING working, you must have enabled ICMP echo-requests packets.
Return packets will be mostly ICMP time-exceeded packets. If you have enabled the required ICMP types, you won't need to configure anything.
answered Dec 7 '14 at 20:02
BillThor BillThor
24.9k22662
answered Dec 7 '14 at 20:02
BillThor BillThor
24.9k22662
answered Dec 7 '14 at 20:02
BillThor BillThor
24.9k22662
answered Dec 7 '14 at 20:02
BillThor BillThor
24.9k22662
24.9k22662
It works with sudo and the -I option. Thanks for your time.
– Michael
Dec 8 '14 at 4:34
add a comment |
It works with sudo and the -I option. Thanks for your time.
– Michael
Dec 8 '14 at 4:34
It works with sudo and the -I option. Thanks for your time.
– Michael
Dec 8 '14 at 4:34
It works with sudo and the -I option. Thanks for your time.
– Michael
Dec 8 '14 at 4:34
add a comment |
I had to use sudo for traceroute and the -I option (Use ICMP ECHO for tracerouting):
sudo traceroute google.com -I
answered Dec 8 '14 at 4:33
MichaelMichael
216312
add a comment |
I had to use sudo for traceroute and the -I option (Use ICMP ECHO for tracerouting):
sudo traceroute google.com -I
answered Dec 8 '14 at 4:33
MichaelMichael
216312
add a comment |
I had to use sudo for traceroute and the -I option (Use ICMP ECHO for tracerouting):
sudo traceroute google.com -I
answered Dec 8 '14 at 4:33
MichaelMichael
216312
I had to use sudo for traceroute and the -I option (Use ICMP ECHO for tracerouting):
sudo traceroute google.com -I
answered Dec 8 '14 at 4:33
MichaelMichael
216312
answered Dec 8 '14 at 4:33
MichaelMichael
216312
answered Dec 8 '14 at 4:33
MichaelMichael
216312
answered Dec 8 '14 at 4:33
MichaelMichael
216312
216312
add a comment |
add a comment |
This worked for me:
ufw allow out to any port 33434:33524 proto udp
answered Dec 19 '18 at 8:59
Rob MascaroRob Mascaro
101
add a comment |
This worked for me:
ufw allow out to any port 33434:33524 proto udp
answered Dec 19 '18 at 8:59
Rob MascaroRob Mascaro
101
add a comment |
This worked for me:
ufw allow out to any port 33434:33524 proto udp
answered Dec 19 '18 at 8:59
Rob MascaroRob Mascaro
101
This worked for me:
ufw allow out to any port 33434:33524 proto udp
answered Dec 19 '18 at 8:59
Rob MascaroRob Mascaro
101
answered Dec 19 '18 at 8:59
Rob MascaroRob Mascaro
101
answered Dec 19 '18 at 8:59
Rob MascaroRob Mascaro
101
answered Dec 19 '18 at 8:59
Rob MascaroRob Mascaro
101
101
add a comment |
add a comment |
Thanks for contributing an answer to Server Fault!
- Please be sure to answer the question. Provide details and share your research!
But avoid …
- Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers.
- Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience.
To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers.
Sign up or log in
StackExchange.ready(function ()
StackExchange.helpers.onClickDraftSave('#login-link');
);
Sign up using Google
Sign up using Facebook
Sign up using Email and Password
Post as a guest
Required, but never shown
StackExchange.ready(
function ()
StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2fserverfault.com%2fquestions%2f649730%2fping-and-traceroute-does-not-work-when-ufw-deny-outgoing-by-default%23new-answer', 'question_page');
);
Post as a guest
Required, but never shown
Sign up or log in
StackExchange.ready(function ()
StackExchange.helpers.onClickDraftSave('#login-link');
);
Sign up using Google
Sign up using Facebook
Sign up using Email and Password
Post as a guest
Required, but never shown
Sign up or log in
StackExchange.ready(function ()
StackExchange.helpers.onClickDraftSave('#login-link');
);
Sign up using Google
Sign up using Facebook
Sign up using Email and Password
Post as a guest
Required, but never shown
Sign up or log in
StackExchange.ready(function ()
StackExchange.helpers.onClickDraftSave('#login-link');
);
Sign up using Google
Sign up using Facebook
Sign up using Email and Password
Sign up using Google
Sign up using Facebook
Sign up using Email and Password
Post as a guest
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
