What does “rf” mean in “rfkill”?rfkill does not work for all the devices listedWhat is the difference between “ifconfig interface down” and “rfkill block”?How do you automatically rfkill unblock all on startup?What is causing my Intel 7260 bluetooth device to disconnect when I unblock it with rfkill?Operation not possible due to RF-kill, phy0 hard blockedWiFi soft-blocked by rfkill on startupcannot unblock wifi hard block with anything on Lenovo x230tIs it possible to bypass a hardware wifi switch, if `rfkill unblock all` does not work?rfkill blocks multiple adaptersCan't open RFKILL control device: No such file or directory

What is the meaning of "matter" in physics?

A♭ major 9th chord in Bach is unexpectedly dissonant/jazzy

How to increase row height of a table and vertically "align middle"?

call() a function within its own context

Clauses with 3 infinitives at the end

Employee is self-centered and affects the team negatively

How is it believable that Euron could so easily pull off this ambush?

My parents are Afghan

Is there an idiom that means that a clothe fits perfectly?

Justification of physical currency in an interstellar civilization?

What does “two-bit (jerk)” mean?

Crime rates in a post-scarcity economy

What calendar would the Saturn nation use?

Why is the blank symbol not considered part of the input alphabet of a Turing machine?

Assuming a normal distribution: what is the sd for a given mean?

What is the Ancient One's mistake?

How can I finally understand the confusing modal verb "мочь"?

Was there a dinosaur-counter in the original Jurassic Park movie?

Splitting polygons and dividing attribute value proportionally using ArcGIS Pro?

cd ` command meaning and how to exit it?

Why were the rules for Proliferate changed?

When does WordPress.org notify sites of new version?

Why did Dr. Strange keep looking into the future after the snap?

Why is the episode called "The Last of the Starks"?



What does “rf” mean in “rfkill”?


rfkill does not work for all the devices listedWhat is the difference between “ifconfig interface down” and “rfkill block”?How do you automatically rfkill unblock all on startup?What is causing my Intel 7260 bluetooth device to disconnect when I unblock it with rfkill?Operation not possible due to RF-kill, phy0 hard blockedWiFi soft-blocked by rfkill on startupcannot unblock wifi hard block with anything on Lenovo x230tIs it possible to bypass a hardware wifi switch, if `rfkill unblock all` does not work?rfkill blocks multiple adaptersCan't open RFKILL control device: No such file or directory






.everyoneloves__top-leaderboard:empty,.everyoneloves__mid-leaderboard:empty,.everyoneloves__bot-mid-leaderboard:empty margin-bottom:0;








17















In Linux there is a program called "rfkill". You can (de)activate radio modules with that. I was interested in the question what "rf" means. But I cant find an explanation. Maybe somebody here knows that?










share|improve this question




























    17















    In Linux there is a program called "rfkill". You can (de)activate radio modules with that. I was interested in the question what "rf" means. But I cant find an explanation. Maybe somebody here knows that?










    share|improve this question
























      17












      17








      17








      In Linux there is a program called "rfkill". You can (de)activate radio modules with that. I was interested in the question what "rf" means. But I cant find an explanation. Maybe somebody here knows that?










      share|improve this question














      In Linux there is a program called "rfkill". You can (de)activate radio modules with that. I was interested in the question what "rf" means. But I cant find an explanation. Maybe somebody here knows that?







      rfkill






      share|improve this question













      share|improve this question











      share|improve this question




      share|improve this question










      asked Apr 28 at 16:56









      Henry WeinertHenry Weinert

      18817




      18817




















          2 Answers
          2






          active

          oldest

          votes


















          22














          RF stands for radio frequency. As per the Linux Wireless Wiki:




          rfkill is a small userspace tool to query the state of the rfkill
          switches, buttons and subsystem interfaces. Some devices come with a
          hard switch that lets you kill different types of RF radios:
          802.11 / Bluetooth / NFC / UWB / WAN / WIMAX / FM. Some times these buttons may kill more than one RF type. The Linux kernel rfkill
          subsystem exposes these hardware buttons and lets userspace query its
          status and set its status through a /dev/rfkill. Given that at times
          some RF devices do not have hardware rfkill buttons rfkill the Linux
          kernel also exposes software rfkill capabilities that allows userspace
          to mimic a hardware rfkill event and turn on or off RF.




          As a side note if it hasn't become obvious yet, Wifi and Bluetooth devices are in fact radios and use digital modulation such as QPSK/DPSK instead of AM or FM (source - I'm an EET student). Note also that rfkill is a userspace command to expose functionality available in the Linux kernel's RFKill subsystem:




          Many computer systems contain radio transmitters, including Wi-Fi,
          Bluetooth, and 3G devices. These devices consume power, which is
          wasted when the device is not in use. RFKill is a subsystem in the
          Linux kernel that provides an interface through which radio
          transmitters in a computer system can be queried, activated, and
          deactivated. When transmitters are deactivated, they can be placed in
          a state where software can reactive them (a soft block) or where
          software cannot reactive them (a hard block).







          share|improve this answer




















          • 2





            The FM quote makes me think of a new song twist "RF killed the Radio Star".

            – WinEunuuchs2Unix
            Apr 28 at 17:40


















          13














          RF stands for "Radio Frequency". The first transatlantic RF transmission was received in St. John's Canada in 1901. RF is used for radios, TVs (not so much these days), walkie talkies, cell phones, etc. From your point of view RF is limited in maximum range of 10 meters to 30 meters.



          RF is often associated with Wi-Fi. Wi-Fi is simply a trademarked term meaning IEEE 802.11x. The false notion that the brand name "Wi-Fi" is short for "wireless fidelity" has spread to such an extent that even industry leaders have included the phrase wireless fidelity in a press release.



          The misnomer of "Wireless Fidelity" by the masses is most likely caused by mental muscle memory of "Hi-Fi" which stood for "High Fidelity" in stereophonic equipment. (No source for this: just my theory).



          Wi-Fi hotspots, Wi-Fi home networks and Wi-Fi business networks are used to connect computers and smartphones to the internet without wires. Therefore RF (Radio Frequency) becomes the backbone / transport layer that replaces the wires (Cat 5/5e, etc).



          rfkill is simply a way of resetting computers and smartphones connect via Radio Frequencies (RF) to the internet. It can even reset devices such as speakers, mice, keyboards, etc. In this case the devices are connect with the "Bluetooth" standard.



          Devices can also be connected to your computer with IR (Infrared) but this requires line of sight and doesn't use RF which bounce around. AM Radio bounces off the sky, FM Radio goes across the horizon. All types of RF are out there, including those from deep space. One discovered this year could be from an alien spaceship (if you believe that ;)).






          share|improve this answer

























          • While RFKill deals with more than just wifi, there are some interesting historical notes here

            – Sergiy Kolodyazhnyy
            Apr 28 at 17:37











          • @SergiyKolodyazhnyy I did add "Bluetooth" at the end which is probably used the most with rfkill. Besides the "historical notes" at the beginning I threw in "Alien spaceships" at the end for the future ;)

            – WinEunuuchs2Unix
            Apr 28 at 17:39











          Your Answer








          StackExchange.ready(function()
          var channelOptions =
          tags: "".split(" "),
          id: "89"
          ;
          initTagRenderer("".split(" "), "".split(" "), channelOptions);

          StackExchange.using("externalEditor", function()
          // Have to fire editor after snippets, if snippets enabled
          if (StackExchange.settings.snippets.snippetsEnabled)
          StackExchange.using("snippets", function()
          createEditor();
          );

          else
          createEditor();

          );

          function createEditor()
          StackExchange.prepareEditor(
          heartbeatType: 'answer',
          autoActivateHeartbeat: false,
          convertImagesToLinks: true,
          noModals: true,
          showLowRepImageUploadWarning: true,
          reputationToPostImages: 10,
          bindNavPrevention: true,
          postfix: "",
          imageUploader:
          brandingHtml: "Powered by u003ca class="icon-imgur-white" href="https://imgur.com/"u003eu003c/au003e",
          contentPolicyHtml: "User contributions licensed under u003ca href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/"u003ecc by-sa 3.0 with attribution requiredu003c/au003e u003ca href="https://stackoverflow.com/legal/content-policy"u003e(content policy)u003c/au003e",
          allowUrls: true
          ,
          onDemand: true,
          discardSelector: ".discard-answer"
          ,immediatelyShowMarkdownHelp:true
          );



          );













          draft saved

          draft discarded


















          StackExchange.ready(
          function ()
          StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2faskubuntu.com%2fquestions%2f1138912%2fwhat-does-rf-mean-in-rfkill%23new-answer', 'question_page');

          );

          Post as a guest















          Required, but never shown

























          2 Answers
          2






          active

          oldest

          votes








          2 Answers
          2






          active

          oldest

          votes









          active

          oldest

          votes






          active

          oldest

          votes









          22














          RF stands for radio frequency. As per the Linux Wireless Wiki:




          rfkill is a small userspace tool to query the state of the rfkill
          switches, buttons and subsystem interfaces. Some devices come with a
          hard switch that lets you kill different types of RF radios:
          802.11 / Bluetooth / NFC / UWB / WAN / WIMAX / FM. Some times these buttons may kill more than one RF type. The Linux kernel rfkill
          subsystem exposes these hardware buttons and lets userspace query its
          status and set its status through a /dev/rfkill. Given that at times
          some RF devices do not have hardware rfkill buttons rfkill the Linux
          kernel also exposes software rfkill capabilities that allows userspace
          to mimic a hardware rfkill event and turn on or off RF.




          As a side note if it hasn't become obvious yet, Wifi and Bluetooth devices are in fact radios and use digital modulation such as QPSK/DPSK instead of AM or FM (source - I'm an EET student). Note also that rfkill is a userspace command to expose functionality available in the Linux kernel's RFKill subsystem:




          Many computer systems contain radio transmitters, including Wi-Fi,
          Bluetooth, and 3G devices. These devices consume power, which is
          wasted when the device is not in use. RFKill is a subsystem in the
          Linux kernel that provides an interface through which radio
          transmitters in a computer system can be queried, activated, and
          deactivated. When transmitters are deactivated, they can be placed in
          a state where software can reactive them (a soft block) or where
          software cannot reactive them (a hard block).







          share|improve this answer




















          • 2





            The FM quote makes me think of a new song twist "RF killed the Radio Star".

            – WinEunuuchs2Unix
            Apr 28 at 17:40















          22














          RF stands for radio frequency. As per the Linux Wireless Wiki:




          rfkill is a small userspace tool to query the state of the rfkill
          switches, buttons and subsystem interfaces. Some devices come with a
          hard switch that lets you kill different types of RF radios:
          802.11 / Bluetooth / NFC / UWB / WAN / WIMAX / FM. Some times these buttons may kill more than one RF type. The Linux kernel rfkill
          subsystem exposes these hardware buttons and lets userspace query its
          status and set its status through a /dev/rfkill. Given that at times
          some RF devices do not have hardware rfkill buttons rfkill the Linux
          kernel also exposes software rfkill capabilities that allows userspace
          to mimic a hardware rfkill event and turn on or off RF.




          As a side note if it hasn't become obvious yet, Wifi and Bluetooth devices are in fact radios and use digital modulation such as QPSK/DPSK instead of AM or FM (source - I'm an EET student). Note also that rfkill is a userspace command to expose functionality available in the Linux kernel's RFKill subsystem:




          Many computer systems contain radio transmitters, including Wi-Fi,
          Bluetooth, and 3G devices. These devices consume power, which is
          wasted when the device is not in use. RFKill is a subsystem in the
          Linux kernel that provides an interface through which radio
          transmitters in a computer system can be queried, activated, and
          deactivated. When transmitters are deactivated, they can be placed in
          a state where software can reactive them (a soft block) or where
          software cannot reactive them (a hard block).







          share|improve this answer




















          • 2





            The FM quote makes me think of a new song twist "RF killed the Radio Star".

            – WinEunuuchs2Unix
            Apr 28 at 17:40













          22












          22








          22







          RF stands for radio frequency. As per the Linux Wireless Wiki:




          rfkill is a small userspace tool to query the state of the rfkill
          switches, buttons and subsystem interfaces. Some devices come with a
          hard switch that lets you kill different types of RF radios:
          802.11 / Bluetooth / NFC / UWB / WAN / WIMAX / FM. Some times these buttons may kill more than one RF type. The Linux kernel rfkill
          subsystem exposes these hardware buttons and lets userspace query its
          status and set its status through a /dev/rfkill. Given that at times
          some RF devices do not have hardware rfkill buttons rfkill the Linux
          kernel also exposes software rfkill capabilities that allows userspace
          to mimic a hardware rfkill event and turn on or off RF.




          As a side note if it hasn't become obvious yet, Wifi and Bluetooth devices are in fact radios and use digital modulation such as QPSK/DPSK instead of AM or FM (source - I'm an EET student). Note also that rfkill is a userspace command to expose functionality available in the Linux kernel's RFKill subsystem:




          Many computer systems contain radio transmitters, including Wi-Fi,
          Bluetooth, and 3G devices. These devices consume power, which is
          wasted when the device is not in use. RFKill is a subsystem in the
          Linux kernel that provides an interface through which radio
          transmitters in a computer system can be queried, activated, and
          deactivated. When transmitters are deactivated, they can be placed in
          a state where software can reactive them (a soft block) or where
          software cannot reactive them (a hard block).







          share|improve this answer















          RF stands for radio frequency. As per the Linux Wireless Wiki:




          rfkill is a small userspace tool to query the state of the rfkill
          switches, buttons and subsystem interfaces. Some devices come with a
          hard switch that lets you kill different types of RF radios:
          802.11 / Bluetooth / NFC / UWB / WAN / WIMAX / FM. Some times these buttons may kill more than one RF type. The Linux kernel rfkill
          subsystem exposes these hardware buttons and lets userspace query its
          status and set its status through a /dev/rfkill. Given that at times
          some RF devices do not have hardware rfkill buttons rfkill the Linux
          kernel also exposes software rfkill capabilities that allows userspace
          to mimic a hardware rfkill event and turn on or off RF.




          As a side note if it hasn't become obvious yet, Wifi and Bluetooth devices are in fact radios and use digital modulation such as QPSK/DPSK instead of AM or FM (source - I'm an EET student). Note also that rfkill is a userspace command to expose functionality available in the Linux kernel's RFKill subsystem:




          Many computer systems contain radio transmitters, including Wi-Fi,
          Bluetooth, and 3G devices. These devices consume power, which is
          wasted when the device is not in use. RFKill is a subsystem in the
          Linux kernel that provides an interface through which radio
          transmitters in a computer system can be queried, activated, and
          deactivated. When transmitters are deactivated, they can be placed in
          a state where software can reactive them (a soft block) or where
          software cannot reactive them (a hard block).








          share|improve this answer














          share|improve this answer



          share|improve this answer








          edited Apr 29 at 12:24









          psmears

          1304




          1304










          answered Apr 28 at 17:03









          Sergiy KolodyazhnyySergiy Kolodyazhnyy

          76.2k9159335




          76.2k9159335







          • 2





            The FM quote makes me think of a new song twist "RF killed the Radio Star".

            – WinEunuuchs2Unix
            Apr 28 at 17:40












          • 2





            The FM quote makes me think of a new song twist "RF killed the Radio Star".

            – WinEunuuchs2Unix
            Apr 28 at 17:40







          2




          2





          The FM quote makes me think of a new song twist "RF killed the Radio Star".

          – WinEunuuchs2Unix
          Apr 28 at 17:40





          The FM quote makes me think of a new song twist "RF killed the Radio Star".

          – WinEunuuchs2Unix
          Apr 28 at 17:40













          13














          RF stands for "Radio Frequency". The first transatlantic RF transmission was received in St. John's Canada in 1901. RF is used for radios, TVs (not so much these days), walkie talkies, cell phones, etc. From your point of view RF is limited in maximum range of 10 meters to 30 meters.



          RF is often associated with Wi-Fi. Wi-Fi is simply a trademarked term meaning IEEE 802.11x. The false notion that the brand name "Wi-Fi" is short for "wireless fidelity" has spread to such an extent that even industry leaders have included the phrase wireless fidelity in a press release.



          The misnomer of "Wireless Fidelity" by the masses is most likely caused by mental muscle memory of "Hi-Fi" which stood for "High Fidelity" in stereophonic equipment. (No source for this: just my theory).



          Wi-Fi hotspots, Wi-Fi home networks and Wi-Fi business networks are used to connect computers and smartphones to the internet without wires. Therefore RF (Radio Frequency) becomes the backbone / transport layer that replaces the wires (Cat 5/5e, etc).



          rfkill is simply a way of resetting computers and smartphones connect via Radio Frequencies (RF) to the internet. It can even reset devices such as speakers, mice, keyboards, etc. In this case the devices are connect with the "Bluetooth" standard.



          Devices can also be connected to your computer with IR (Infrared) but this requires line of sight and doesn't use RF which bounce around. AM Radio bounces off the sky, FM Radio goes across the horizon. All types of RF are out there, including those from deep space. One discovered this year could be from an alien spaceship (if you believe that ;)).






          share|improve this answer

























          • While RFKill deals with more than just wifi, there are some interesting historical notes here

            – Sergiy Kolodyazhnyy
            Apr 28 at 17:37











          • @SergiyKolodyazhnyy I did add "Bluetooth" at the end which is probably used the most with rfkill. Besides the "historical notes" at the beginning I threw in "Alien spaceships" at the end for the future ;)

            – WinEunuuchs2Unix
            Apr 28 at 17:39















          13














          RF stands for "Radio Frequency". The first transatlantic RF transmission was received in St. John's Canada in 1901. RF is used for radios, TVs (not so much these days), walkie talkies, cell phones, etc. From your point of view RF is limited in maximum range of 10 meters to 30 meters.



          RF is often associated with Wi-Fi. Wi-Fi is simply a trademarked term meaning IEEE 802.11x. The false notion that the brand name "Wi-Fi" is short for "wireless fidelity" has spread to such an extent that even industry leaders have included the phrase wireless fidelity in a press release.



          The misnomer of "Wireless Fidelity" by the masses is most likely caused by mental muscle memory of "Hi-Fi" which stood for "High Fidelity" in stereophonic equipment. (No source for this: just my theory).



          Wi-Fi hotspots, Wi-Fi home networks and Wi-Fi business networks are used to connect computers and smartphones to the internet without wires. Therefore RF (Radio Frequency) becomes the backbone / transport layer that replaces the wires (Cat 5/5e, etc).



          rfkill is simply a way of resetting computers and smartphones connect via Radio Frequencies (RF) to the internet. It can even reset devices such as speakers, mice, keyboards, etc. In this case the devices are connect with the "Bluetooth" standard.



          Devices can also be connected to your computer with IR (Infrared) but this requires line of sight and doesn't use RF which bounce around. AM Radio bounces off the sky, FM Radio goes across the horizon. All types of RF are out there, including those from deep space. One discovered this year could be from an alien spaceship (if you believe that ;)).






          share|improve this answer

























          • While RFKill deals with more than just wifi, there are some interesting historical notes here

            – Sergiy Kolodyazhnyy
            Apr 28 at 17:37











          • @SergiyKolodyazhnyy I did add "Bluetooth" at the end which is probably used the most with rfkill. Besides the "historical notes" at the beginning I threw in "Alien spaceships" at the end for the future ;)

            – WinEunuuchs2Unix
            Apr 28 at 17:39













          13












          13








          13







          RF stands for "Radio Frequency". The first transatlantic RF transmission was received in St. John's Canada in 1901. RF is used for radios, TVs (not so much these days), walkie talkies, cell phones, etc. From your point of view RF is limited in maximum range of 10 meters to 30 meters.



          RF is often associated with Wi-Fi. Wi-Fi is simply a trademarked term meaning IEEE 802.11x. The false notion that the brand name "Wi-Fi" is short for "wireless fidelity" has spread to such an extent that even industry leaders have included the phrase wireless fidelity in a press release.



          The misnomer of "Wireless Fidelity" by the masses is most likely caused by mental muscle memory of "Hi-Fi" which stood for "High Fidelity" in stereophonic equipment. (No source for this: just my theory).



          Wi-Fi hotspots, Wi-Fi home networks and Wi-Fi business networks are used to connect computers and smartphones to the internet without wires. Therefore RF (Radio Frequency) becomes the backbone / transport layer that replaces the wires (Cat 5/5e, etc).



          rfkill is simply a way of resetting computers and smartphones connect via Radio Frequencies (RF) to the internet. It can even reset devices such as speakers, mice, keyboards, etc. In this case the devices are connect with the "Bluetooth" standard.



          Devices can also be connected to your computer with IR (Infrared) but this requires line of sight and doesn't use RF which bounce around. AM Radio bounces off the sky, FM Radio goes across the horizon. All types of RF are out there, including those from deep space. One discovered this year could be from an alien spaceship (if you believe that ;)).






          share|improve this answer















          RF stands for "Radio Frequency". The first transatlantic RF transmission was received in St. John's Canada in 1901. RF is used for radios, TVs (not so much these days), walkie talkies, cell phones, etc. From your point of view RF is limited in maximum range of 10 meters to 30 meters.



          RF is often associated with Wi-Fi. Wi-Fi is simply a trademarked term meaning IEEE 802.11x. The false notion that the brand name "Wi-Fi" is short for "wireless fidelity" has spread to such an extent that even industry leaders have included the phrase wireless fidelity in a press release.



          The misnomer of "Wireless Fidelity" by the masses is most likely caused by mental muscle memory of "Hi-Fi" which stood for "High Fidelity" in stereophonic equipment. (No source for this: just my theory).



          Wi-Fi hotspots, Wi-Fi home networks and Wi-Fi business networks are used to connect computers and smartphones to the internet without wires. Therefore RF (Radio Frequency) becomes the backbone / transport layer that replaces the wires (Cat 5/5e, etc).



          rfkill is simply a way of resetting computers and smartphones connect via Radio Frequencies (RF) to the internet. It can even reset devices such as speakers, mice, keyboards, etc. In this case the devices are connect with the "Bluetooth" standard.



          Devices can also be connected to your computer with IR (Infrared) but this requires line of sight and doesn't use RF which bounce around. AM Radio bounces off the sky, FM Radio goes across the horizon. All types of RF are out there, including those from deep space. One discovered this year could be from an alien spaceship (if you believe that ;)).







          share|improve this answer














          share|improve this answer



          share|improve this answer








          edited Apr 29 at 12:30

























          answered Apr 28 at 17:34









          WinEunuuchs2UnixWinEunuuchs2Unix

          49.5k1198190




          49.5k1198190












          • While RFKill deals with more than just wifi, there are some interesting historical notes here

            – Sergiy Kolodyazhnyy
            Apr 28 at 17:37











          • @SergiyKolodyazhnyy I did add "Bluetooth" at the end which is probably used the most with rfkill. Besides the "historical notes" at the beginning I threw in "Alien spaceships" at the end for the future ;)

            – WinEunuuchs2Unix
            Apr 28 at 17:39

















          • While RFKill deals with more than just wifi, there are some interesting historical notes here

            – Sergiy Kolodyazhnyy
            Apr 28 at 17:37











          • @SergiyKolodyazhnyy I did add "Bluetooth" at the end which is probably used the most with rfkill. Besides the "historical notes" at the beginning I threw in "Alien spaceships" at the end for the future ;)

            – WinEunuuchs2Unix
            Apr 28 at 17:39
















          While RFKill deals with more than just wifi, there are some interesting historical notes here

          – Sergiy Kolodyazhnyy
          Apr 28 at 17:37





          While RFKill deals with more than just wifi, there are some interesting historical notes here

          – Sergiy Kolodyazhnyy
          Apr 28 at 17:37













          @SergiyKolodyazhnyy I did add "Bluetooth" at the end which is probably used the most with rfkill. Besides the "historical notes" at the beginning I threw in "Alien spaceships" at the end for the future ;)

          – WinEunuuchs2Unix
          Apr 28 at 17:39





          @SergiyKolodyazhnyy I did add "Bluetooth" at the end which is probably used the most with rfkill. Besides the "historical notes" at the beginning I threw in "Alien spaceships" at the end for the future ;)

          – WinEunuuchs2Unix
          Apr 28 at 17:39

















          draft saved

          draft discarded
















































          Thanks for contributing an answer to Ask Ubuntu!


          • Please be sure to answer the question. Provide details and share your research!

          But avoid


          • Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers.

          • Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience.

          To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers.




          draft saved


          draft discarded














          StackExchange.ready(
          function ()
          StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2faskubuntu.com%2fquestions%2f1138912%2fwhat-does-rf-mean-in-rfkill%23new-answer', 'question_page');

          );

          Post as a guest















          Required, but never shown





















































          Required, but never shown














          Required, but never shown












          Required, but never shown







          Required, but never shown

































          Required, but never shown














          Required, but never shown












          Required, but never shown







          Required, but never shown







          Popular posts from this blog

          Club Baloncesto Breogán Índice Historia | Pavillón | Nome | O Breogán na cultura popular | Xogadores | Adestradores | Presidentes | Palmarés | Historial | Líderes | Notas | Véxase tamén | Menú de navegacióncbbreogan.galCadroGuía oficial da ACB 2009-10, páxina 201Guía oficial ACB 1992, páxina 183. Editorial DB.É de 6.500 espectadores sentados axeitándose á última normativa"Estudiantes Junior, entre as mellores canteiras"o orixinalHemeroteca El Mundo Deportivo, 16 setembro de 1970, páxina 12Historia do BreogánAlfredo Pérez, o último canoneiroHistoria C.B. BreogánHemeroteca de El Mundo DeportivoJimmy Wright, norteamericano do Breogán deixará Lugo por ameazas de morteResultados de Breogán en 1986-87Resultados de Breogán en 1990-91Ficha de Velimir Perasović en acb.comResultados de Breogán en 1994-95Breogán arrasa al Barça. "El Mundo Deportivo", 27 de setembro de 1999, páxina 58CB Breogán - FC BarcelonaA FEB invita a participar nunha nova Liga EuropeaCharlie Bell na prensa estatalMáximos anotadores 2005Tempada 2005-06 : Tódolos Xogadores da Xornada""Non quero pensar nunha man negra, mais pregúntome que está a pasar""o orixinalRaúl López, orgulloso dos xogadores, presume da boa saúde económica do BreogánJulio González confirma que cesa como presidente del BreogánHomenaxe a Lisardo GómezA tempada do rexurdimento celesteEntrevista a Lisardo GómezEl COB dinamita el Pazo para forzar el quinto (69-73)Cafés Candelas, patrocinador del CB Breogán"Suso Lázare, novo presidente do Breogán"o orixinalCafés Candelas Breogán firma el mayor triunfo de la historiaEl Breogán realizará 17 homenajes por su cincuenta aniversario"O Breogán honra ao seu fundador e primeiro presidente"o orixinalMiguel Giao recibiu a homenaxe do PazoHomenaxe aos primeiros gladiadores celestesO home que nos amosa como ver o Breo co corazónTita Franco será homenaxeada polos #50anosdeBreoJulio Vila recibirá unha homenaxe in memoriam polos #50anosdeBreo"O Breogán homenaxeará aos seus aboados máis veteráns"Pechada ovación a «Capi» Sanmartín e Ricardo «Corazón de González»Homenaxe por décadas de informaciónPaco García volve ao Pazo con motivo do 50 aniversario"Resultados y clasificaciones""O Cafés Candelas Breogán, campión da Copa Princesa""O Cafés Candelas Breogán, equipo ACB"C.B. Breogán"Proxecto social"o orixinal"Centros asociados"o orixinalFicha en imdb.comMario Camus trata la recuperación del amor en 'La vieja música', su última película"Páxina web oficial""Club Baloncesto Breogán""C. B. Breogán S.A.D."eehttp://www.fegaba.com

          Vilaño, A Laracha Índice Patrimonio | Lugares e parroquias | Véxase tamén | Menú de navegación43°14′52″N 8°36′03″O / 43.24775, -8.60070

          Cegueira Índice Epidemioloxía | Deficiencia visual | Tipos de cegueira | Principais causas de cegueira | Tratamento | Técnicas de adaptación e axudas | Vida dos cegos | Primeiros auxilios | Crenzas respecto das persoas cegas | Crenzas das persoas cegas | O neno deficiente visual | Aspectos psicolóxicos da cegueira | Notas | Véxase tamén | Menú de navegación54.054.154.436928256blindnessDicionario da Real Academia GalegaPortal das Palabras"International Standards: Visual Standards — Aspects and Ranges of Vision Loss with Emphasis on Population Surveys.""Visual impairment and blindness""Presentan un plan para previr a cegueira"o orixinalACCDV Associació Catalana de Cecs i Disminuïts Visuals - PMFTrachoma"Effect of gene therapy on visual function in Leber's congenital amaurosis"1844137110.1056/NEJMoa0802268Cans guía - os mellores amigos dos cegosArquivadoEscola de cans guía para cegos en Mortágua, PortugalArquivado"Tecnología para ciegos y deficientes visuales. Recopilación de recursos gratuitos en la Red""Colorino""‘COL.diesis’, escuchar los sonidos del color""COL.diesis: Transforming Colour into Melody and Implementing the Result in a Colour Sensor Device"o orixinal"Sistema de desarrollo de sinestesia color-sonido para invidentes utilizando un protocolo de audio""Enseñanza táctil - geometría y color. Juegos didácticos para niños ciegos y videntes""Sistema Constanz"L'ocupació laboral dels cecs a l'Estat espanyol està pràcticament equiparada a la de les persones amb visió, entrevista amb Pedro ZuritaONCE (Organización Nacional de Cegos de España)Prevención da cegueiraDescrición de deficiencias visuais (Disc@pnet)Braillín, un boneco atractivo para calquera neno, con ou sen discapacidade, que permite familiarizarse co sistema de escritura e lectura brailleAxudas Técnicas36838ID00897494007150-90057129528256DOID:1432HP:0000618D001766C10.597.751.941.162C97109C0155020