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How to solve constants out of the internal energy equation?


Isothermal vs. adiabatic compression of gas in terms of required energyCorrelation between the virial coefficients and a & b in the corresponding Van Der Waals equation of stateHow to derive the pressure dependency for the Gibbs free energy?How to find and use the Clausius-Clapeyron equationWhy is Gibbs free energy more useful than internal energy?Average or individual molar heat capacity?How does one solve the following differential equation (mass balance equation)Calculations on an irreversible adiabatic expansionWhy does more heat transfer take place in a reversible process than in a irreversible process?Deriving heat capacity in terms of internal energy U and natural variables S & V













5












$begingroup$



Imagine we deal with a new kind of matter, whose state is described by:



$$PV = AT^3$$



Its internal energy is given by



$$U = BT^n lnleft(fracVV_0right) + f(T)$$



where $A$, $B$ and $V_0$ is a constant and $f(T)$ is a polynomial function.



Find $B$ and $n$.




What I know



The given expressions remind me of adiabatic compression/expansion. If we assume quasistatic adiabatic compression/expansion we know that heat won't get out/in the system.



$$Delta U = -W$$



And work is:



$$W = -PDelta V$$



Some thoughts on how to solve the problem



We notice here that we are dealing with a non-ideal gas. Assuming that the above equations are correct and using first thermodynamics law one gets:



$$mathrmdU = left[nBT^n-1lnleft(fracVV_0right) + f'(T)right]mathrmdT$$



$$left[nBT^n-1 lnleft(fracVV_0right) + f'(T)right]mathrmdT = fracAT^3VmathrmdV$$



I do not see a solution to this differential equation. There has to be a easier way to get both $B$ and $n$, but how?










share|improve this question











$endgroup$







  • 1




    $begingroup$
    Your differential equation doesn't make sense to me: you have infinitesimals ($mathrm dU$ and $mathrm df$) and finite quantities ($nBT^n-1ln(V/V_0)$) being added together. I gather you were trying to differentiate by $T$ throughout?
    $endgroup$
    – orthocresol
    Apr 27 at 16:16











  • $begingroup$
    @orthocresol that is a typo let me fix it.
    $endgroup$
    – JD_PM
    Apr 27 at 16:18










  • $begingroup$
    Yes I differentiated $U$ with respect to $T$. The idea is to set up a differential equation that relates the change in temperature and volume during the compression/expansion process. I assumed it will be adiabatic (based on the given equation: $PV = AT^3$)
    $endgroup$
    – JD_PM
    Apr 27 at 16:25







  • 2




    $begingroup$
    By using the equation $ big( fracpartial Upartial Vbig)_T = Tbig(fracpartial Ppartial Tbig)_V - P $, you will get $B$ as $2A$ and $n=3$.
    $endgroup$
    – Soumik Das
    Apr 27 at 16:50















5












$begingroup$



Imagine we deal with a new kind of matter, whose state is described by:



$$PV = AT^3$$



Its internal energy is given by



$$U = BT^n lnleft(fracVV_0right) + f(T)$$



where $A$, $B$ and $V_0$ is a constant and $f(T)$ is a polynomial function.



Find $B$ and $n$.




What I know



The given expressions remind me of adiabatic compression/expansion. If we assume quasistatic adiabatic compression/expansion we know that heat won't get out/in the system.



$$Delta U = -W$$



And work is:



$$W = -PDelta V$$



Some thoughts on how to solve the problem



We notice here that we are dealing with a non-ideal gas. Assuming that the above equations are correct and using first thermodynamics law one gets:



$$mathrmdU = left[nBT^n-1lnleft(fracVV_0right) + f'(T)right]mathrmdT$$



$$left[nBT^n-1 lnleft(fracVV_0right) + f'(T)right]mathrmdT = fracAT^3VmathrmdV$$



I do not see a solution to this differential equation. There has to be a easier way to get both $B$ and $n$, but how?










share|improve this question











$endgroup$







  • 1




    $begingroup$
    Your differential equation doesn't make sense to me: you have infinitesimals ($mathrm dU$ and $mathrm df$) and finite quantities ($nBT^n-1ln(V/V_0)$) being added together. I gather you were trying to differentiate by $T$ throughout?
    $endgroup$
    – orthocresol
    Apr 27 at 16:16











  • $begingroup$
    @orthocresol that is a typo let me fix it.
    $endgroup$
    – JD_PM
    Apr 27 at 16:18










  • $begingroup$
    Yes I differentiated $U$ with respect to $T$. The idea is to set up a differential equation that relates the change in temperature and volume during the compression/expansion process. I assumed it will be adiabatic (based on the given equation: $PV = AT^3$)
    $endgroup$
    – JD_PM
    Apr 27 at 16:25







  • 2




    $begingroup$
    By using the equation $ big( fracpartial Upartial Vbig)_T = Tbig(fracpartial Ppartial Tbig)_V - P $, you will get $B$ as $2A$ and $n=3$.
    $endgroup$
    – Soumik Das
    Apr 27 at 16:50













5












5








5


1



$begingroup$



Imagine we deal with a new kind of matter, whose state is described by:



$$PV = AT^3$$



Its internal energy is given by



$$U = BT^n lnleft(fracVV_0right) + f(T)$$



where $A$, $B$ and $V_0$ is a constant and $f(T)$ is a polynomial function.



Find $B$ and $n$.




What I know



The given expressions remind me of adiabatic compression/expansion. If we assume quasistatic adiabatic compression/expansion we know that heat won't get out/in the system.



$$Delta U = -W$$



And work is:



$$W = -PDelta V$$



Some thoughts on how to solve the problem



We notice here that we are dealing with a non-ideal gas. Assuming that the above equations are correct and using first thermodynamics law one gets:



$$mathrmdU = left[nBT^n-1lnleft(fracVV_0right) + f'(T)right]mathrmdT$$



$$left[nBT^n-1 lnleft(fracVV_0right) + f'(T)right]mathrmdT = fracAT^3VmathrmdV$$



I do not see a solution to this differential equation. There has to be a easier way to get both $B$ and $n$, but how?










share|improve this question











$endgroup$





Imagine we deal with a new kind of matter, whose state is described by:



$$PV = AT^3$$



Its internal energy is given by



$$U = BT^n lnleft(fracVV_0right) + f(T)$$



where $A$, $B$ and $V_0$ is a constant and $f(T)$ is a polynomial function.



Find $B$ and $n$.




What I know



The given expressions remind me of adiabatic compression/expansion. If we assume quasistatic adiabatic compression/expansion we know that heat won't get out/in the system.



$$Delta U = -W$$



And work is:



$$W = -PDelta V$$



Some thoughts on how to solve the problem



We notice here that we are dealing with a non-ideal gas. Assuming that the above equations are correct and using first thermodynamics law one gets:



$$mathrmdU = left[nBT^n-1lnleft(fracVV_0right) + f'(T)right]mathrmdT$$



$$left[nBT^n-1 lnleft(fracVV_0right) + f'(T)right]mathrmdT = fracAT^3VmathrmdV$$



I do not see a solution to this differential equation. There has to be a easier way to get both $B$ and $n$, but how?







thermodynamics equation-of-state






share|improve this question















share|improve this question













share|improve this question




share|improve this question








edited Apr 27 at 21:38









andselisk

20.5k669133




20.5k669133










asked Apr 27 at 15:40









JD_PMJD_PM

15710




15710







  • 1




    $begingroup$
    Your differential equation doesn't make sense to me: you have infinitesimals ($mathrm dU$ and $mathrm df$) and finite quantities ($nBT^n-1ln(V/V_0)$) being added together. I gather you were trying to differentiate by $T$ throughout?
    $endgroup$
    – orthocresol
    Apr 27 at 16:16











  • $begingroup$
    @orthocresol that is a typo let me fix it.
    $endgroup$
    – JD_PM
    Apr 27 at 16:18










  • $begingroup$
    Yes I differentiated $U$ with respect to $T$. The idea is to set up a differential equation that relates the change in temperature and volume during the compression/expansion process. I assumed it will be adiabatic (based on the given equation: $PV = AT^3$)
    $endgroup$
    – JD_PM
    Apr 27 at 16:25







  • 2




    $begingroup$
    By using the equation $ big( fracpartial Upartial Vbig)_T = Tbig(fracpartial Ppartial Tbig)_V - P $, you will get $B$ as $2A$ and $n=3$.
    $endgroup$
    – Soumik Das
    Apr 27 at 16:50












  • 1




    $begingroup$
    Your differential equation doesn't make sense to me: you have infinitesimals ($mathrm dU$ and $mathrm df$) and finite quantities ($nBT^n-1ln(V/V_0)$) being added together. I gather you were trying to differentiate by $T$ throughout?
    $endgroup$
    – orthocresol
    Apr 27 at 16:16











  • $begingroup$
    @orthocresol that is a typo let me fix it.
    $endgroup$
    – JD_PM
    Apr 27 at 16:18










  • $begingroup$
    Yes I differentiated $U$ with respect to $T$. The idea is to set up a differential equation that relates the change in temperature and volume during the compression/expansion process. I assumed it will be adiabatic (based on the given equation: $PV = AT^3$)
    $endgroup$
    – JD_PM
    Apr 27 at 16:25







  • 2




    $begingroup$
    By using the equation $ big( fracpartial Upartial Vbig)_T = Tbig(fracpartial Ppartial Tbig)_V - P $, you will get $B$ as $2A$ and $n=3$.
    $endgroup$
    – Soumik Das
    Apr 27 at 16:50







1




1




$begingroup$
Your differential equation doesn't make sense to me: you have infinitesimals ($mathrm dU$ and $mathrm df$) and finite quantities ($nBT^n-1ln(V/V_0)$) being added together. I gather you were trying to differentiate by $T$ throughout?
$endgroup$
– orthocresol
Apr 27 at 16:16





$begingroup$
Your differential equation doesn't make sense to me: you have infinitesimals ($mathrm dU$ and $mathrm df$) and finite quantities ($nBT^n-1ln(V/V_0)$) being added together. I gather you were trying to differentiate by $T$ throughout?
$endgroup$
– orthocresol
Apr 27 at 16:16













$begingroup$
@orthocresol that is a typo let me fix it.
$endgroup$
– JD_PM
Apr 27 at 16:18




$begingroup$
@orthocresol that is a typo let me fix it.
$endgroup$
– JD_PM
Apr 27 at 16:18












$begingroup$
Yes I differentiated $U$ with respect to $T$. The idea is to set up a differential equation that relates the change in temperature and volume during the compression/expansion process. I assumed it will be adiabatic (based on the given equation: $PV = AT^3$)
$endgroup$
– JD_PM
Apr 27 at 16:25





$begingroup$
Yes I differentiated $U$ with respect to $T$. The idea is to set up a differential equation that relates the change in temperature and volume during the compression/expansion process. I assumed it will be adiabatic (based on the given equation: $PV = AT^3$)
$endgroup$
– JD_PM
Apr 27 at 16:25





2




2




$begingroup$
By using the equation $ big( fracpartial Upartial Vbig)_T = Tbig(fracpartial Ppartial Tbig)_V - P $, you will get $B$ as $2A$ and $n=3$.
$endgroup$
– Soumik Das
Apr 27 at 16:50




$begingroup$
By using the equation $ big( fracpartial Upartial Vbig)_T = Tbig(fracpartial Ppartial Tbig)_V - P $, you will get $B$ as $2A$ and $n=3$.
$endgroup$
– Soumik Das
Apr 27 at 16:50










2 Answers
2






active

oldest

votes


















6












$begingroup$

You need to use the equation $$left(fracpartial Upartial Vright)_T=-left[P-Tleft(fracpartial Ppartial Tright)_Vright]$$






share|improve this answer









$endgroup$












  • $begingroup$
    Thanks for the answer Chet Millet. However, I still do not see how to derive it. I know the equation you propose comes from the thermodynamic identity: $dU = TdS - PdV + mu dN$. I have been trying to derive it with respect to $V$ but I do not get rid of the entropy term.
    $endgroup$
    – JD_PM
    Apr 27 at 17:48






  • 2




    $begingroup$
    The derivation is in every thermo book. You are correct about the starting point. The next step is to express dS in terms of dT and dV. Then, for the dV term, you derive a Maxwell relationship from dA=-SdT-PdV.
    $endgroup$
    – Chet Miller
    Apr 27 at 17:55










  • $begingroup$
    I use to study from two books I really like: Physics for Scientists and Engineers (Serway and Jewett) and Thermal Physics (Schroeder). The former is more general and has a good part on Thermodynamics but it doesn't deal with thermodynamic identities. The later does (pages 156 and 157) but it is not enough for me. May you recommend a source to study thermodynamic identities deeper (where all the formulas are derived and so on)? Please let me know if I should ask this in a separate post. Thanks
    $endgroup$
    – JD_PM
    Apr 30 at 8:15







  • 1




    $begingroup$
    Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics, Moran et al. Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics, Smith and van Ness. Principles of Chemical Equilibrium, Denbigh.
    $endgroup$
    – Chet Miller
    Apr 30 at 11:43


















3












$begingroup$

I am sincerely SORRY that I couldn't provide a LaTeX markup for the answer , but I am busy preparing for one of the biggest exam of my life , I would surely update the answer as soon as the exam is over , any help with OCring image would be appreciated.



enter image description here



enter image description here
Edit 1 : theirs a typo in the equation of dU it's PdV instead of VdP






share|improve this answer









$endgroup$













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    2 Answers
    2






    active

    oldest

    votes








    2 Answers
    2






    active

    oldest

    votes









    active

    oldest

    votes






    active

    oldest

    votes









    6












    $begingroup$

    You need to use the equation $$left(fracpartial Upartial Vright)_T=-left[P-Tleft(fracpartial Ppartial Tright)_Vright]$$






    share|improve this answer









    $endgroup$












    • $begingroup$
      Thanks for the answer Chet Millet. However, I still do not see how to derive it. I know the equation you propose comes from the thermodynamic identity: $dU = TdS - PdV + mu dN$. I have been trying to derive it with respect to $V$ but I do not get rid of the entropy term.
      $endgroup$
      – JD_PM
      Apr 27 at 17:48






    • 2




      $begingroup$
      The derivation is in every thermo book. You are correct about the starting point. The next step is to express dS in terms of dT and dV. Then, for the dV term, you derive a Maxwell relationship from dA=-SdT-PdV.
      $endgroup$
      – Chet Miller
      Apr 27 at 17:55










    • $begingroup$
      I use to study from two books I really like: Physics for Scientists and Engineers (Serway and Jewett) and Thermal Physics (Schroeder). The former is more general and has a good part on Thermodynamics but it doesn't deal with thermodynamic identities. The later does (pages 156 and 157) but it is not enough for me. May you recommend a source to study thermodynamic identities deeper (where all the formulas are derived and so on)? Please let me know if I should ask this in a separate post. Thanks
      $endgroup$
      – JD_PM
      Apr 30 at 8:15







    • 1




      $begingroup$
      Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics, Moran et al. Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics, Smith and van Ness. Principles of Chemical Equilibrium, Denbigh.
      $endgroup$
      – Chet Miller
      Apr 30 at 11:43















    6












    $begingroup$

    You need to use the equation $$left(fracpartial Upartial Vright)_T=-left[P-Tleft(fracpartial Ppartial Tright)_Vright]$$






    share|improve this answer









    $endgroup$












    • $begingroup$
      Thanks for the answer Chet Millet. However, I still do not see how to derive it. I know the equation you propose comes from the thermodynamic identity: $dU = TdS - PdV + mu dN$. I have been trying to derive it with respect to $V$ but I do not get rid of the entropy term.
      $endgroup$
      – JD_PM
      Apr 27 at 17:48






    • 2




      $begingroup$
      The derivation is in every thermo book. You are correct about the starting point. The next step is to express dS in terms of dT and dV. Then, for the dV term, you derive a Maxwell relationship from dA=-SdT-PdV.
      $endgroup$
      – Chet Miller
      Apr 27 at 17:55










    • $begingroup$
      I use to study from two books I really like: Physics for Scientists and Engineers (Serway and Jewett) and Thermal Physics (Schroeder). The former is more general and has a good part on Thermodynamics but it doesn't deal with thermodynamic identities. The later does (pages 156 and 157) but it is not enough for me. May you recommend a source to study thermodynamic identities deeper (where all the formulas are derived and so on)? Please let me know if I should ask this in a separate post. Thanks
      $endgroup$
      – JD_PM
      Apr 30 at 8:15







    • 1




      $begingroup$
      Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics, Moran et al. Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics, Smith and van Ness. Principles of Chemical Equilibrium, Denbigh.
      $endgroup$
      – Chet Miller
      Apr 30 at 11:43













    6












    6








    6





    $begingroup$

    You need to use the equation $$left(fracpartial Upartial Vright)_T=-left[P-Tleft(fracpartial Ppartial Tright)_Vright]$$






    share|improve this answer









    $endgroup$



    You need to use the equation $$left(fracpartial Upartial Vright)_T=-left[P-Tleft(fracpartial Ppartial Tright)_Vright]$$







    share|improve this answer












    share|improve this answer



    share|improve this answer










    answered Apr 27 at 16:47









    Chet MillerChet Miller

    6,8711713




    6,8711713











    • $begingroup$
      Thanks for the answer Chet Millet. However, I still do not see how to derive it. I know the equation you propose comes from the thermodynamic identity: $dU = TdS - PdV + mu dN$. I have been trying to derive it with respect to $V$ but I do not get rid of the entropy term.
      $endgroup$
      – JD_PM
      Apr 27 at 17:48






    • 2




      $begingroup$
      The derivation is in every thermo book. You are correct about the starting point. The next step is to express dS in terms of dT and dV. Then, for the dV term, you derive a Maxwell relationship from dA=-SdT-PdV.
      $endgroup$
      – Chet Miller
      Apr 27 at 17:55










    • $begingroup$
      I use to study from two books I really like: Physics for Scientists and Engineers (Serway and Jewett) and Thermal Physics (Schroeder). The former is more general and has a good part on Thermodynamics but it doesn't deal with thermodynamic identities. The later does (pages 156 and 157) but it is not enough for me. May you recommend a source to study thermodynamic identities deeper (where all the formulas are derived and so on)? Please let me know if I should ask this in a separate post. Thanks
      $endgroup$
      – JD_PM
      Apr 30 at 8:15







    • 1




      $begingroup$
      Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics, Moran et al. Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics, Smith and van Ness. Principles of Chemical Equilibrium, Denbigh.
      $endgroup$
      – Chet Miller
      Apr 30 at 11:43
















    • $begingroup$
      Thanks for the answer Chet Millet. However, I still do not see how to derive it. I know the equation you propose comes from the thermodynamic identity: $dU = TdS - PdV + mu dN$. I have been trying to derive it with respect to $V$ but I do not get rid of the entropy term.
      $endgroup$
      – JD_PM
      Apr 27 at 17:48






    • 2




      $begingroup$
      The derivation is in every thermo book. You are correct about the starting point. The next step is to express dS in terms of dT and dV. Then, for the dV term, you derive a Maxwell relationship from dA=-SdT-PdV.
      $endgroup$
      – Chet Miller
      Apr 27 at 17:55










    • $begingroup$
      I use to study from two books I really like: Physics for Scientists and Engineers (Serway and Jewett) and Thermal Physics (Schroeder). The former is more general and has a good part on Thermodynamics but it doesn't deal with thermodynamic identities. The later does (pages 156 and 157) but it is not enough for me. May you recommend a source to study thermodynamic identities deeper (where all the formulas are derived and so on)? Please let me know if I should ask this in a separate post. Thanks
      $endgroup$
      – JD_PM
      Apr 30 at 8:15







    • 1




      $begingroup$
      Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics, Moran et al. Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics, Smith and van Ness. Principles of Chemical Equilibrium, Denbigh.
      $endgroup$
      – Chet Miller
      Apr 30 at 11:43















    $begingroup$
    Thanks for the answer Chet Millet. However, I still do not see how to derive it. I know the equation you propose comes from the thermodynamic identity: $dU = TdS - PdV + mu dN$. I have been trying to derive it with respect to $V$ but I do not get rid of the entropy term.
    $endgroup$
    – JD_PM
    Apr 27 at 17:48




    $begingroup$
    Thanks for the answer Chet Millet. However, I still do not see how to derive it. I know the equation you propose comes from the thermodynamic identity: $dU = TdS - PdV + mu dN$. I have been trying to derive it with respect to $V$ but I do not get rid of the entropy term.
    $endgroup$
    – JD_PM
    Apr 27 at 17:48




    2




    2




    $begingroup$
    The derivation is in every thermo book. You are correct about the starting point. The next step is to express dS in terms of dT and dV. Then, for the dV term, you derive a Maxwell relationship from dA=-SdT-PdV.
    $endgroup$
    – Chet Miller
    Apr 27 at 17:55




    $begingroup$
    The derivation is in every thermo book. You are correct about the starting point. The next step is to express dS in terms of dT and dV. Then, for the dV term, you derive a Maxwell relationship from dA=-SdT-PdV.
    $endgroup$
    – Chet Miller
    Apr 27 at 17:55












    $begingroup$
    I use to study from two books I really like: Physics for Scientists and Engineers (Serway and Jewett) and Thermal Physics (Schroeder). The former is more general and has a good part on Thermodynamics but it doesn't deal with thermodynamic identities. The later does (pages 156 and 157) but it is not enough for me. May you recommend a source to study thermodynamic identities deeper (where all the formulas are derived and so on)? Please let me know if I should ask this in a separate post. Thanks
    $endgroup$
    – JD_PM
    Apr 30 at 8:15





    $begingroup$
    I use to study from two books I really like: Physics for Scientists and Engineers (Serway and Jewett) and Thermal Physics (Schroeder). The former is more general and has a good part on Thermodynamics but it doesn't deal with thermodynamic identities. The later does (pages 156 and 157) but it is not enough for me. May you recommend a source to study thermodynamic identities deeper (where all the formulas are derived and so on)? Please let me know if I should ask this in a separate post. Thanks
    $endgroup$
    – JD_PM
    Apr 30 at 8:15





    1




    1




    $begingroup$
    Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics, Moran et al. Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics, Smith and van Ness. Principles of Chemical Equilibrium, Denbigh.
    $endgroup$
    – Chet Miller
    Apr 30 at 11:43




    $begingroup$
    Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics, Moran et al. Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics, Smith and van Ness. Principles of Chemical Equilibrium, Denbigh.
    $endgroup$
    – Chet Miller
    Apr 30 at 11:43











    3












    $begingroup$

    I am sincerely SORRY that I couldn't provide a LaTeX markup for the answer , but I am busy preparing for one of the biggest exam of my life , I would surely update the answer as soon as the exam is over , any help with OCring image would be appreciated.



    enter image description here



    enter image description here
    Edit 1 : theirs a typo in the equation of dU it's PdV instead of VdP






    share|improve this answer









    $endgroup$

















      3












      $begingroup$

      I am sincerely SORRY that I couldn't provide a LaTeX markup for the answer , but I am busy preparing for one of the biggest exam of my life , I would surely update the answer as soon as the exam is over , any help with OCring image would be appreciated.



      enter image description here



      enter image description here
      Edit 1 : theirs a typo in the equation of dU it's PdV instead of VdP






      share|improve this answer









      $endgroup$















        3












        3








        3





        $begingroup$

        I am sincerely SORRY that I couldn't provide a LaTeX markup for the answer , but I am busy preparing for one of the biggest exam of my life , I would surely update the answer as soon as the exam is over , any help with OCring image would be appreciated.



        enter image description here



        enter image description here
        Edit 1 : theirs a typo in the equation of dU it's PdV instead of VdP






        share|improve this answer









        $endgroup$



        I am sincerely SORRY that I couldn't provide a LaTeX markup for the answer , but I am busy preparing for one of the biggest exam of my life , I would surely update the answer as soon as the exam is over , any help with OCring image would be appreciated.



        enter image description here



        enter image description here
        Edit 1 : theirs a typo in the equation of dU it's PdV instead of VdP







        share|improve this answer












        share|improve this answer



        share|improve this answer










        answered Apr 27 at 18:18









        Advil SellAdvil Sell

        411114




        411114



























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