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What does the “ep” capability mean?
Unable to set capability CAP_SETFCAP by userWhat does this iptable rule mean?Granting service specific capabilitiesWhat does :source % mean?Does every syscall require at most 1 capability on Linux?Better use ACL or Capability to let users start a service?Does a process that have the root user always have all of the capabilities available in Linux?Does macOS and Solaris have “capabilities”?Difference between file capability and process capabilityWhat does the '.' (dot) mean?
.everyoneloves__top-leaderboard:empty,.everyoneloves__mid-leaderboard:empty,.everyoneloves__bot-mid-leaderboard:empty margin-bottom:0;
root@macine:~# getcap ./some_bin
./some_bin =ep
What does "ep" mean? What are the capabilities of this binary?
linux capabilities
edited Apr 27 at 18:44
muru
38.2k591166
asked Apr 27 at 16:16
JamesJames
263
add a comment |
root@macine:~# getcap ./some_bin
./some_bin =ep
What does "ep" mean? What are the capabilities of this binary?
linux capabilities
edited Apr 27 at 18:44
muru
38.2k591166
asked Apr 27 at 16:16
JamesJames
263
4
capabilities(7)have nothing to do with selinux. That file has all possible capabilities set.
– mosvy
Apr 27 at 16:36
vulp3cula.gitbook.io/hackers-grimoire/post-exploitation/…
– Jesse_b
Apr 27 at 16:43
@Jesse_b that's wrong, there's no "special case" of empty capabilities. That guy was simply confused by the syntax.setcap =ep filewill turn all capabilities on,setcap = filewill turn them all off (make them empty) andsetcap -r filewill remove them completely.
– mosvy
Apr 27 at 20:41
@mosvy: Dew hwat?
– Jesse_b
Apr 27 at 20:58
add a comment |
root@macine:~# getcap ./some_bin
./some_bin =ep
What does "ep" mean? What are the capabilities of this binary?
linux capabilities
edited Apr 27 at 18:44
muru
38.2k591166
asked Apr 27 at 16:16
JamesJames
263
root@macine:~# getcap ./some_bin
./some_bin =ep
What does "ep" mean? What are the capabilities of this binary?
linux capabilities
linux capabilities
edited Apr 27 at 18:44
muru
38.2k591166
asked Apr 27 at 16:16
JamesJames
263
edited Apr 27 at 18:44
muru
38.2k591166
asked Apr 27 at 16:16
JamesJames
263
edited Apr 27 at 18:44
muru
38.2k591166
edited Apr 27 at 18:44
muru
38.2k591166
edited Apr 27 at 18:44
muru
38.2k591166
38.2k591166
asked Apr 27 at 16:16
JamesJames
263
asked Apr 27 at 16:16
JamesJames
263
asked Apr 27 at 16:16
JamesJames
263
263
4
capabilities(7)have nothing to do with selinux. That file has all possible capabilities set.
– mosvy
Apr 27 at 16:36
vulp3cula.gitbook.io/hackers-grimoire/post-exploitation/…
– Jesse_b
Apr 27 at 16:43
@Jesse_b that's wrong, there's no "special case" of empty capabilities. That guy was simply confused by the syntax.setcap =ep filewill turn all capabilities on,setcap = filewill turn them all off (make them empty) andsetcap -r filewill remove them completely.
– mosvy
Apr 27 at 20:41
@mosvy: Dew hwat?
– Jesse_b
Apr 27 at 20:58
add a comment |
4
capabilities(7)have nothing to do with selinux. That file has all possible capabilities set.
– mosvy
Apr 27 at 16:36
vulp3cula.gitbook.io/hackers-grimoire/post-exploitation/…
– Jesse_b
Apr 27 at 16:43
@Jesse_b that's wrong, there's no "special case" of empty capabilities. That guy was simply confused by the syntax.setcap =ep filewill turn all capabilities on,setcap = filewill turn them all off (make them empty) andsetcap -r filewill remove them completely.
– mosvy
Apr 27 at 20:41
@mosvy: Dew hwat?
– Jesse_b
Apr 27 at 20:58
4
4
capabilities(7) have nothing to do with selinux. That file has all possible capabilities set.– mosvy
Apr 27 at 16:36
capabilities(7) have nothing to do with selinux. That file has all possible capabilities set.– mosvy
Apr 27 at 16:36
vulp3cula.gitbook.io/hackers-grimoire/post-exploitation/…
– Jesse_b
Apr 27 at 16:43
vulp3cula.gitbook.io/hackers-grimoire/post-exploitation/…
– Jesse_b
Apr 27 at 16:43
@Jesse_b that's wrong, there's no "special case" of empty capabilities. That guy was simply confused by the syntax.
setcap =ep file will turn all capabilities on, setcap = file will turn them all off (make them empty) and setcap -r file will remove them completely.– mosvy
Apr 27 at 20:41
@Jesse_b that's wrong, there's no "special case" of empty capabilities. That guy was simply confused by the syntax.
setcap =ep file will turn all capabilities on, setcap = file will turn them all off (make them empty) and setcap -r file will remove them completely.– mosvy
Apr 27 at 20:41
@mosvy: Dew hwat?
– Jesse_b
Apr 27 at 20:58
@mosvy: Dew hwat?
– Jesse_b
Apr 27 at 20:58
add a comment |
2 Answers
2
active
oldest
votes
# getcap ./some_bin
./some_bin =ep
That binary has ALL the capabilites permitted (p) and effective (e) from the start.
In the textual representation of capabilities, a leading = is equivalent to all=.
From the cap_to_text(3) manpage:
In the case that the leading operator is
=, and no list of capabilities is provided, the action-list is assumed to refer to all capabilities. For example, the following three clauses are equivalent to each
other (and indicate a completely empty capability set):all=;=;
cap_chown,<every-other-capability>=.
Such a binary can do whatever it pleases, limited only by the capability bounding set, which on a typical desktop system includes everything (otherwise setuid binaries like su wouldn't work as expected).
Notice that this is only a "gotcha" of the textual representation used by libpcap: in the security.capability extended attribute of the file for which getcap will print /file/path =ep, all the meaningful bits are effectively on; for an empty security.capability, /file/path = (with the = not followed by anything) will be printed instead.
If someone is still not convinced about all that, here is a small experiment:
# cp /bin/ping /tmp/ping # will wipe setuid bits and extented attributes
# su user -c '/tmp/ping localhost'
ping: socket: Operation not permitted
# setcap =ep /tmp/ping
# su user -c '/tmp/ping localhost' # will work because of cap_net_raw
PING localhost(localhost (::1)) 56 data bytes
64 bytes from localhost (::1): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.073 ms
^C
# setcap = /tmp/ping
# su user -c '/tmp/ping localhost'
ping: socket: Operation not permitted
answered Apr 27 at 17:09
mosvymosvy
11.2k11340
add a comment |
The capabilities are put in the permitted set (p), and all permitted capabilities are copied into the effective set (e). There does not seem to be any capabilities in your example (where did you get it from?).
The e is used for legacy programs (possibly most programs at the current time), that is programs that don't know about capabilities, so can not them-selves copy capabilities from permitted to effective.
answered Apr 27 at 16:48
ctrl-alt-delorctrl-alt-delor
12.9k52663
add a comment |
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2 Answers
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2 Answers
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votes
# getcap ./some_bin
./some_bin =ep
That binary has ALL the capabilites permitted (p) and effective (e) from the start.
In the textual representation of capabilities, a leading = is equivalent to all=.
From the cap_to_text(3) manpage:
In the case that the leading operator is
=, and no list of capabilities is provided, the action-list is assumed to refer to all capabilities. For example, the following three clauses are equivalent to each
other (and indicate a completely empty capability set):all=;=;
cap_chown,<every-other-capability>=.
Such a binary can do whatever it pleases, limited only by the capability bounding set, which on a typical desktop system includes everything (otherwise setuid binaries like su wouldn't work as expected).
Notice that this is only a "gotcha" of the textual representation used by libpcap: in the security.capability extended attribute of the file for which getcap will print /file/path =ep, all the meaningful bits are effectively on; for an empty security.capability, /file/path = (with the = not followed by anything) will be printed instead.
If someone is still not convinced about all that, here is a small experiment:
# cp /bin/ping /tmp/ping # will wipe setuid bits and extented attributes
# su user -c '/tmp/ping localhost'
ping: socket: Operation not permitted
# setcap =ep /tmp/ping
# su user -c '/tmp/ping localhost' # will work because of cap_net_raw
PING localhost(localhost (::1)) 56 data bytes
64 bytes from localhost (::1): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.073 ms
^C
# setcap = /tmp/ping
# su user -c '/tmp/ping localhost'
ping: socket: Operation not permitted
answered Apr 27 at 17:09
mosvymosvy
11.2k11340
add a comment |
# getcap ./some_bin
./some_bin =ep
That binary has ALL the capabilites permitted (p) and effective (e) from the start.
In the textual representation of capabilities, a leading = is equivalent to all=.
From the cap_to_text(3) manpage:
In the case that the leading operator is
=, and no list of capabilities is provided, the action-list is assumed to refer to all capabilities. For example, the following three clauses are equivalent to each
other (and indicate a completely empty capability set):all=;=;
cap_chown,<every-other-capability>=.
Such a binary can do whatever it pleases, limited only by the capability bounding set, which on a typical desktop system includes everything (otherwise setuid binaries like su wouldn't work as expected).
Notice that this is only a "gotcha" of the textual representation used by libpcap: in the security.capability extended attribute of the file for which getcap will print /file/path =ep, all the meaningful bits are effectively on; for an empty security.capability, /file/path = (with the = not followed by anything) will be printed instead.
If someone is still not convinced about all that, here is a small experiment:
# cp /bin/ping /tmp/ping # will wipe setuid bits and extented attributes
# su user -c '/tmp/ping localhost'
ping: socket: Operation not permitted
# setcap =ep /tmp/ping
# su user -c '/tmp/ping localhost' # will work because of cap_net_raw
PING localhost(localhost (::1)) 56 data bytes
64 bytes from localhost (::1): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.073 ms
^C
# setcap = /tmp/ping
# su user -c '/tmp/ping localhost'
ping: socket: Operation not permitted
answered Apr 27 at 17:09
mosvymosvy
11.2k11340
add a comment |
# getcap ./some_bin
./some_bin =ep
That binary has ALL the capabilites permitted (p) and effective (e) from the start.
In the textual representation of capabilities, a leading = is equivalent to all=.
From the cap_to_text(3) manpage:
In the case that the leading operator is
=, and no list of capabilities is provided, the action-list is assumed to refer to all capabilities. For example, the following three clauses are equivalent to each
other (and indicate a completely empty capability set):all=;=;
cap_chown,<every-other-capability>=.
Such a binary can do whatever it pleases, limited only by the capability bounding set, which on a typical desktop system includes everything (otherwise setuid binaries like su wouldn't work as expected).
Notice that this is only a "gotcha" of the textual representation used by libpcap: in the security.capability extended attribute of the file for which getcap will print /file/path =ep, all the meaningful bits are effectively on; for an empty security.capability, /file/path = (with the = not followed by anything) will be printed instead.
If someone is still not convinced about all that, here is a small experiment:
# cp /bin/ping /tmp/ping # will wipe setuid bits and extented attributes
# su user -c '/tmp/ping localhost'
ping: socket: Operation not permitted
# setcap =ep /tmp/ping
# su user -c '/tmp/ping localhost' # will work because of cap_net_raw
PING localhost(localhost (::1)) 56 data bytes
64 bytes from localhost (::1): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.073 ms
^C
# setcap = /tmp/ping
# su user -c '/tmp/ping localhost'
ping: socket: Operation not permitted
answered Apr 27 at 17:09
mosvymosvy
11.2k11340
# getcap ./some_bin
./some_bin =ep
That binary has ALL the capabilites permitted (p) and effective (e) from the start.
In the textual representation of capabilities, a leading = is equivalent to all=.
From the cap_to_text(3) manpage:
In the case that the leading operator is
=, and no list of capabilities is provided, the action-list is assumed to refer to all capabilities. For example, the following three clauses are equivalent to each
other (and indicate a completely empty capability set):all=;=;
cap_chown,<every-other-capability>=.
Such a binary can do whatever it pleases, limited only by the capability bounding set, which on a typical desktop system includes everything (otherwise setuid binaries like su wouldn't work as expected).
Notice that this is only a "gotcha" of the textual representation used by libpcap: in the security.capability extended attribute of the file for which getcap will print /file/path =ep, all the meaningful bits are effectively on; for an empty security.capability, /file/path = (with the = not followed by anything) will be printed instead.
If someone is still not convinced about all that, here is a small experiment:
# cp /bin/ping /tmp/ping # will wipe setuid bits and extented attributes
# su user -c '/tmp/ping localhost'
ping: socket: Operation not permitted
# setcap =ep /tmp/ping
# su user -c '/tmp/ping localhost' # will work because of cap_net_raw
PING localhost(localhost (::1)) 56 data bytes
64 bytes from localhost (::1): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.073 ms
^C
# setcap = /tmp/ping
# su user -c '/tmp/ping localhost'
ping: socket: Operation not permitted
answered Apr 27 at 17:09
mosvymosvy
11.2k11340
edited Apr 28 at 12:21
answered Apr 27 at 17:09
mosvymosvy
11.2k11340
answered Apr 27 at 17:09
mosvymosvy
11.2k11340
answered Apr 27 at 17:09
mosvymosvy
11.2k11340
11.2k11340
add a comment |
add a comment |
The capabilities are put in the permitted set (p), and all permitted capabilities are copied into the effective set (e). There does not seem to be any capabilities in your example (where did you get it from?).
The e is used for legacy programs (possibly most programs at the current time), that is programs that don't know about capabilities, so can not them-selves copy capabilities from permitted to effective.
answered Apr 27 at 16:48
ctrl-alt-delorctrl-alt-delor
12.9k52663
add a comment |
The capabilities are put in the permitted set (p), and all permitted capabilities are copied into the effective set (e). There does not seem to be any capabilities in your example (where did you get it from?).
The e is used for legacy programs (possibly most programs at the current time), that is programs that don't know about capabilities, so can not them-selves copy capabilities from permitted to effective.
answered Apr 27 at 16:48
ctrl-alt-delorctrl-alt-delor
12.9k52663
add a comment |
The capabilities are put in the permitted set (p), and all permitted capabilities are copied into the effective set (e). There does not seem to be any capabilities in your example (where did you get it from?).
The e is used for legacy programs (possibly most programs at the current time), that is programs that don't know about capabilities, so can not them-selves copy capabilities from permitted to effective.
answered Apr 27 at 16:48
ctrl-alt-delorctrl-alt-delor
12.9k52663
The capabilities are put in the permitted set (p), and all permitted capabilities are copied into the effective set (e). There does not seem to be any capabilities in your example (where did you get it from?).
The e is used for legacy programs (possibly most programs at the current time), that is programs that don't know about capabilities, so can not them-selves copy capabilities from permitted to effective.
answered Apr 27 at 16:48
ctrl-alt-delorctrl-alt-delor
12.9k52663
answered Apr 27 at 16:48
ctrl-alt-delorctrl-alt-delor
12.9k52663
answered Apr 27 at 16:48
ctrl-alt-delorctrl-alt-delor
12.9k52663
answered Apr 27 at 16:48
ctrl-alt-delorctrl-alt-delor
12.9k52663
12.9k52663
add a comment |
add a comment |
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4
capabilities(7)have nothing to do with selinux. That file has all possible capabilities set.– mosvy
Apr 27 at 16:36
vulp3cula.gitbook.io/hackers-grimoire/post-exploitation/…
– Jesse_b
Apr 27 at 16:43
@Jesse_b that's wrong, there's no "special case" of empty capabilities. That guy was simply confused by the syntax.
setcap =ep filewill turn all capabilities on,setcap = filewill turn them all off (make them empty) andsetcap -r filewill remove them completely.– mosvy
Apr 27 at 20:41
@mosvy: Dew hwat?
– Jesse_b
Apr 27 at 20:58