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Why isn't nylon as strong as kevlar?


Number of hydrogen molecules necessary in acetonitrile/butanediamine polymerisationHow do epoxys cross-link?Is there ANY chemical that can destroy PTFE, or Teflon?Molecular weight of PolymersHow do gelatin and aluminium sulfate strengthen paper?How does cross-linking between polymer chains increase the melting point of the polymer?Why is polymer B more dense than polymer A?Polymers that aren't brittle at the cryogenic temperatures found on Titan?Good Alternative for Plasticized PVCRelating properties and structures of polymers













11












$begingroup$


Why is Kevlar stronger than nylon? They both contain Hydrogen bonding and should have equal strength but this is not the case instead Kevlar is fire resistant. What makes it stronger. Greater hydrogen bonds?!










share|improve this question











$endgroup$







  • 2




    $begingroup$
    Hydrogen bonds are the same in both. But kevlar is conjugated all through.
    $endgroup$
    – Ivan Neretin
    May 1 at 9:06






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    This suggests aromatic stacking: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevlar
    $endgroup$
    – Night Writer
    May 1 at 9:43






  • 11




    $begingroup$
    "Strong" is an ambiguous term here. nylon is strong in the sense that it is hard to break (but is very easy to stretch and deform). Kevlar is also hard to break but is also much more rigid and harder to deform. Stiffness and "strength" are not the same and Kevlar is useful because it has both.
    $endgroup$
    – matt_black
    May 1 at 13:24















11












$begingroup$


Why is Kevlar stronger than nylon? They both contain Hydrogen bonding and should have equal strength but this is not the case instead Kevlar is fire resistant. What makes it stronger. Greater hydrogen bonds?!










share|improve this question











$endgroup$







  • 2




    $begingroup$
    Hydrogen bonds are the same in both. But kevlar is conjugated all through.
    $endgroup$
    – Ivan Neretin
    May 1 at 9:06






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    This suggests aromatic stacking: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevlar
    $endgroup$
    – Night Writer
    May 1 at 9:43






  • 11




    $begingroup$
    "Strong" is an ambiguous term here. nylon is strong in the sense that it is hard to break (but is very easy to stretch and deform). Kevlar is also hard to break but is also much more rigid and harder to deform. Stiffness and "strength" are not the same and Kevlar is useful because it has both.
    $endgroup$
    – matt_black
    May 1 at 13:24













11












11








11


1



$begingroup$


Why is Kevlar stronger than nylon? They both contain Hydrogen bonding and should have equal strength but this is not the case instead Kevlar is fire resistant. What makes it stronger. Greater hydrogen bonds?!










share|improve this question











$endgroup$




Why is Kevlar stronger than nylon? They both contain Hydrogen bonding and should have equal strength but this is not the case instead Kevlar is fire resistant. What makes it stronger. Greater hydrogen bonds?!







polymers






share|improve this question















share|improve this question













share|improve this question




share|improve this question








edited May 1 at 13:25









matt_black

19.7k358113




19.7k358113










asked May 1 at 9:01









AsadAsad

6615




6615







  • 2




    $begingroup$
    Hydrogen bonds are the same in both. But kevlar is conjugated all through.
    $endgroup$
    – Ivan Neretin
    May 1 at 9:06






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    This suggests aromatic stacking: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevlar
    $endgroup$
    – Night Writer
    May 1 at 9:43






  • 11




    $begingroup$
    "Strong" is an ambiguous term here. nylon is strong in the sense that it is hard to break (but is very easy to stretch and deform). Kevlar is also hard to break but is also much more rigid and harder to deform. Stiffness and "strength" are not the same and Kevlar is useful because it has both.
    $endgroup$
    – matt_black
    May 1 at 13:24












  • 2




    $begingroup$
    Hydrogen bonds are the same in both. But kevlar is conjugated all through.
    $endgroup$
    – Ivan Neretin
    May 1 at 9:06






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    This suggests aromatic stacking: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevlar
    $endgroup$
    – Night Writer
    May 1 at 9:43






  • 11




    $begingroup$
    "Strong" is an ambiguous term here. nylon is strong in the sense that it is hard to break (but is very easy to stretch and deform). Kevlar is also hard to break but is also much more rigid and harder to deform. Stiffness and "strength" are not the same and Kevlar is useful because it has both.
    $endgroup$
    – matt_black
    May 1 at 13:24







2




2




$begingroup$
Hydrogen bonds are the same in both. But kevlar is conjugated all through.
$endgroup$
– Ivan Neretin
May 1 at 9:06




$begingroup$
Hydrogen bonds are the same in both. But kevlar is conjugated all through.
$endgroup$
– Ivan Neretin
May 1 at 9:06




1




1




$begingroup$
This suggests aromatic stacking: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevlar
$endgroup$
– Night Writer
May 1 at 9:43




$begingroup$
This suggests aromatic stacking: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevlar
$endgroup$
– Night Writer
May 1 at 9:43




11




11




$begingroup$
"Strong" is an ambiguous term here. nylon is strong in the sense that it is hard to break (but is very easy to stretch and deform). Kevlar is also hard to break but is also much more rigid and harder to deform. Stiffness and "strength" are not the same and Kevlar is useful because it has both.
$endgroup$
– matt_black
May 1 at 13:24




$begingroup$
"Strong" is an ambiguous term here. nylon is strong in the sense that it is hard to break (but is very easy to stretch and deform). Kevlar is also hard to break but is also much more rigid and harder to deform. Stiffness and "strength" are not the same and Kevlar is useful because it has both.
$endgroup$
– matt_black
May 1 at 13:24










2 Answers
2






active

oldest

votes


















21












$begingroup$

Kevlar is an A,B co-polymer where the monomers are terephthalic acid and 1,4-diaminobenzene. The amide linkage, together with the aromatic rings in the polymer, makes a very rigid polymeric structure that stacks the chains in an organized way, maximizing the effectiveness of hydrogen bonding between amide linkages, together with pi-stacking of the rings:
enter image description here
http://pubs.acs.org/cen/coverstory/8005/8005olympics.html



The chains form sheets that stack together along the axis of the fiber. In order for projectiles to break these fibers, these strong, inter-strand attractions must be overcome.



Standard Nylon is a similar polymer, where the aromatic moieties are replaced by aliphatic chains. These are much more flexible and give more degrees of freedom to the polymer chains. This results in a more random arrangement of chains that still hydrogen bond, but not in such an organized way, giving a weaker fiber.



enter image description here
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305313239_Nylon_66_Nonwoven_Fabric_Separates_Oil_Contaminates_from_Oil-in-Water_Emulsions






share|improve this answer









$endgroup$




















    9












    $begingroup$

    First, it's important to define what you mean by "nylon", a term which is often used generically to refer to many different aliphatic polyamides. The most common are "nylon 6" and "nylon 6,6". Nylon 6 is the polymer of 6-aminohexanoic acid (aka 6-aminocaproic acid), while nylon 6,6 is from alternating units of 1,6-diaminohexane (aka hexamethylene diamine) and 1,6-hexanedioic acid (aka adipic acid).



    Kevlar is one of the trade names of the polymer of alternating p-phenylenediamine and terephthalic acid. This is one example of the general class of aramid polymers, which means polyamides made from aromatic monomers.



    As mentioned in the comments, both types of polyamide can form interstrand hydrogen bonds that strengthen the bulk material. However, the fact that kevlar is made entirely from rigid aromatic monomers means that the individual strands are much less flexible than the strands of the aliphatic polyamides. The aromatic groups can further participate in interstrand interactions that are stronger than the interstrand aliphatic interactions. Both of these factors contribute to making very strong and inflexible fibers. For this reason, Kevlar is used for ballistic protection applications.



    On a side note, the fire resistance you mentioned is more closely associated with the aramid made from isophthalic acid and meta-phenylenediamine, which is marketed by Dupont under the name Nomex. The meta- orientation of the linkages means that the individual strands, while still rigid, are not linear, so they do not align in the same arrangement as in Kevlar. This leads to a much weaker material that is not effective for ballistics protection, but works well for making flame-resistant fabrics.






    share|improve this answer









    $endgroup$













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      2 Answers
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      2 Answers
      2






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      active

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      21












      $begingroup$

      Kevlar is an A,B co-polymer where the monomers are terephthalic acid and 1,4-diaminobenzene. The amide linkage, together with the aromatic rings in the polymer, makes a very rigid polymeric structure that stacks the chains in an organized way, maximizing the effectiveness of hydrogen bonding between amide linkages, together with pi-stacking of the rings:
      enter image description here
      http://pubs.acs.org/cen/coverstory/8005/8005olympics.html



      The chains form sheets that stack together along the axis of the fiber. In order for projectiles to break these fibers, these strong, inter-strand attractions must be overcome.



      Standard Nylon is a similar polymer, where the aromatic moieties are replaced by aliphatic chains. These are much more flexible and give more degrees of freedom to the polymer chains. This results in a more random arrangement of chains that still hydrogen bond, but not in such an organized way, giving a weaker fiber.



      enter image description here
      https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305313239_Nylon_66_Nonwoven_Fabric_Separates_Oil_Contaminates_from_Oil-in-Water_Emulsions






      share|improve this answer









      $endgroup$

















        21












        $begingroup$

        Kevlar is an A,B co-polymer where the monomers are terephthalic acid and 1,4-diaminobenzene. The amide linkage, together with the aromatic rings in the polymer, makes a very rigid polymeric structure that stacks the chains in an organized way, maximizing the effectiveness of hydrogen bonding between amide linkages, together with pi-stacking of the rings:
        enter image description here
        http://pubs.acs.org/cen/coverstory/8005/8005olympics.html



        The chains form sheets that stack together along the axis of the fiber. In order for projectiles to break these fibers, these strong, inter-strand attractions must be overcome.



        Standard Nylon is a similar polymer, where the aromatic moieties are replaced by aliphatic chains. These are much more flexible and give more degrees of freedom to the polymer chains. This results in a more random arrangement of chains that still hydrogen bond, but not in such an organized way, giving a weaker fiber.



        enter image description here
        https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305313239_Nylon_66_Nonwoven_Fabric_Separates_Oil_Contaminates_from_Oil-in-Water_Emulsions






        share|improve this answer









        $endgroup$















          21












          21








          21





          $begingroup$

          Kevlar is an A,B co-polymer where the monomers are terephthalic acid and 1,4-diaminobenzene. The amide linkage, together with the aromatic rings in the polymer, makes a very rigid polymeric structure that stacks the chains in an organized way, maximizing the effectiveness of hydrogen bonding between amide linkages, together with pi-stacking of the rings:
          enter image description here
          http://pubs.acs.org/cen/coverstory/8005/8005olympics.html



          The chains form sheets that stack together along the axis of the fiber. In order for projectiles to break these fibers, these strong, inter-strand attractions must be overcome.



          Standard Nylon is a similar polymer, where the aromatic moieties are replaced by aliphatic chains. These are much more flexible and give more degrees of freedom to the polymer chains. This results in a more random arrangement of chains that still hydrogen bond, but not in such an organized way, giving a weaker fiber.



          enter image description here
          https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305313239_Nylon_66_Nonwoven_Fabric_Separates_Oil_Contaminates_from_Oil-in-Water_Emulsions






          share|improve this answer









          $endgroup$



          Kevlar is an A,B co-polymer where the monomers are terephthalic acid and 1,4-diaminobenzene. The amide linkage, together with the aromatic rings in the polymer, makes a very rigid polymeric structure that stacks the chains in an organized way, maximizing the effectiveness of hydrogen bonding between amide linkages, together with pi-stacking of the rings:
          enter image description here
          http://pubs.acs.org/cen/coverstory/8005/8005olympics.html



          The chains form sheets that stack together along the axis of the fiber. In order for projectiles to break these fibers, these strong, inter-strand attractions must be overcome.



          Standard Nylon is a similar polymer, where the aromatic moieties are replaced by aliphatic chains. These are much more flexible and give more degrees of freedom to the polymer chains. This results in a more random arrangement of chains that still hydrogen bond, but not in such an organized way, giving a weaker fiber.



          enter image description here
          https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305313239_Nylon_66_Nonwoven_Fabric_Separates_Oil_Contaminates_from_Oil-in-Water_Emulsions







          share|improve this answer












          share|improve this answer



          share|improve this answer










          answered May 1 at 12:17









          WithnailWithnail

          59019




          59019





















              9












              $begingroup$

              First, it's important to define what you mean by "nylon", a term which is often used generically to refer to many different aliphatic polyamides. The most common are "nylon 6" and "nylon 6,6". Nylon 6 is the polymer of 6-aminohexanoic acid (aka 6-aminocaproic acid), while nylon 6,6 is from alternating units of 1,6-diaminohexane (aka hexamethylene diamine) and 1,6-hexanedioic acid (aka adipic acid).



              Kevlar is one of the trade names of the polymer of alternating p-phenylenediamine and terephthalic acid. This is one example of the general class of aramid polymers, which means polyamides made from aromatic monomers.



              As mentioned in the comments, both types of polyamide can form interstrand hydrogen bonds that strengthen the bulk material. However, the fact that kevlar is made entirely from rigid aromatic monomers means that the individual strands are much less flexible than the strands of the aliphatic polyamides. The aromatic groups can further participate in interstrand interactions that are stronger than the interstrand aliphatic interactions. Both of these factors contribute to making very strong and inflexible fibers. For this reason, Kevlar is used for ballistic protection applications.



              On a side note, the fire resistance you mentioned is more closely associated with the aramid made from isophthalic acid and meta-phenylenediamine, which is marketed by Dupont under the name Nomex. The meta- orientation of the linkages means that the individual strands, while still rigid, are not linear, so they do not align in the same arrangement as in Kevlar. This leads to a much weaker material that is not effective for ballistics protection, but works well for making flame-resistant fabrics.






              share|improve this answer









              $endgroup$

















                9












                $begingroup$

                First, it's important to define what you mean by "nylon", a term which is often used generically to refer to many different aliphatic polyamides. The most common are "nylon 6" and "nylon 6,6". Nylon 6 is the polymer of 6-aminohexanoic acid (aka 6-aminocaproic acid), while nylon 6,6 is from alternating units of 1,6-diaminohexane (aka hexamethylene diamine) and 1,6-hexanedioic acid (aka adipic acid).



                Kevlar is one of the trade names of the polymer of alternating p-phenylenediamine and terephthalic acid. This is one example of the general class of aramid polymers, which means polyamides made from aromatic monomers.



                As mentioned in the comments, both types of polyamide can form interstrand hydrogen bonds that strengthen the bulk material. However, the fact that kevlar is made entirely from rigid aromatic monomers means that the individual strands are much less flexible than the strands of the aliphatic polyamides. The aromatic groups can further participate in interstrand interactions that are stronger than the interstrand aliphatic interactions. Both of these factors contribute to making very strong and inflexible fibers. For this reason, Kevlar is used for ballistic protection applications.



                On a side note, the fire resistance you mentioned is more closely associated with the aramid made from isophthalic acid and meta-phenylenediamine, which is marketed by Dupont under the name Nomex. The meta- orientation of the linkages means that the individual strands, while still rigid, are not linear, so they do not align in the same arrangement as in Kevlar. This leads to a much weaker material that is not effective for ballistics protection, but works well for making flame-resistant fabrics.






                share|improve this answer









                $endgroup$















                  9












                  9








                  9





                  $begingroup$

                  First, it's important to define what you mean by "nylon", a term which is often used generically to refer to many different aliphatic polyamides. The most common are "nylon 6" and "nylon 6,6". Nylon 6 is the polymer of 6-aminohexanoic acid (aka 6-aminocaproic acid), while nylon 6,6 is from alternating units of 1,6-diaminohexane (aka hexamethylene diamine) and 1,6-hexanedioic acid (aka adipic acid).



                  Kevlar is one of the trade names of the polymer of alternating p-phenylenediamine and terephthalic acid. This is one example of the general class of aramid polymers, which means polyamides made from aromatic monomers.



                  As mentioned in the comments, both types of polyamide can form interstrand hydrogen bonds that strengthen the bulk material. However, the fact that kevlar is made entirely from rigid aromatic monomers means that the individual strands are much less flexible than the strands of the aliphatic polyamides. The aromatic groups can further participate in interstrand interactions that are stronger than the interstrand aliphatic interactions. Both of these factors contribute to making very strong and inflexible fibers. For this reason, Kevlar is used for ballistic protection applications.



                  On a side note, the fire resistance you mentioned is more closely associated with the aramid made from isophthalic acid and meta-phenylenediamine, which is marketed by Dupont under the name Nomex. The meta- orientation of the linkages means that the individual strands, while still rigid, are not linear, so they do not align in the same arrangement as in Kevlar. This leads to a much weaker material that is not effective for ballistics protection, but works well for making flame-resistant fabrics.






                  share|improve this answer









                  $endgroup$



                  First, it's important to define what you mean by "nylon", a term which is often used generically to refer to many different aliphatic polyamides. The most common are "nylon 6" and "nylon 6,6". Nylon 6 is the polymer of 6-aminohexanoic acid (aka 6-aminocaproic acid), while nylon 6,6 is from alternating units of 1,6-diaminohexane (aka hexamethylene diamine) and 1,6-hexanedioic acid (aka adipic acid).



                  Kevlar is one of the trade names of the polymer of alternating p-phenylenediamine and terephthalic acid. This is one example of the general class of aramid polymers, which means polyamides made from aromatic monomers.



                  As mentioned in the comments, both types of polyamide can form interstrand hydrogen bonds that strengthen the bulk material. However, the fact that kevlar is made entirely from rigid aromatic monomers means that the individual strands are much less flexible than the strands of the aliphatic polyamides. The aromatic groups can further participate in interstrand interactions that are stronger than the interstrand aliphatic interactions. Both of these factors contribute to making very strong and inflexible fibers. For this reason, Kevlar is used for ballistic protection applications.



                  On a side note, the fire resistance you mentioned is more closely associated with the aramid made from isophthalic acid and meta-phenylenediamine, which is marketed by Dupont under the name Nomex. The meta- orientation of the linkages means that the individual strands, while still rigid, are not linear, so they do not align in the same arrangement as in Kevlar. This leads to a much weaker material that is not effective for ballistics protection, but works well for making flame-resistant fabrics.







                  share|improve this answer












                  share|improve this answer



                  share|improve this answer










                  answered May 1 at 11:44









                  AndrewAndrew

                  1,717112




                  1,717112



























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                      Cegueira Índice Epidemioloxía | Deficiencia visual | Tipos de cegueira | Principais causas de cegueira | Tratamento | Técnicas de adaptación e axudas | Vida dos cegos | Primeiros auxilios | Crenzas respecto das persoas cegas | Crenzas das persoas cegas | O neno deficiente visual | Aspectos psicolóxicos da cegueira | Notas | Véxase tamén | Menú de navegación54.054.154.436928256blindnessDicionario da Real Academia GalegaPortal das Palabras"International Standards: Visual Standards — Aspects and Ranges of Vision Loss with Emphasis on Population Surveys.""Visual impairment and blindness""Presentan un plan para previr a cegueira"o orixinalACCDV Associació Catalana de Cecs i Disminuïts Visuals - PMFTrachoma"Effect of gene therapy on visual function in Leber's congenital amaurosis"1844137110.1056/NEJMoa0802268Cans guía - os mellores amigos dos cegosArquivadoEscola de cans guía para cegos en Mortágua, PortugalArquivado"Tecnología para ciegos y deficientes visuales. Recopilación de recursos gratuitos en la Red""Colorino""‘COL.diesis’, escuchar los sonidos del color""COL.diesis: Transforming Colour into Melody and Implementing the Result in a Colour Sensor Device"o orixinal"Sistema de desarrollo de sinestesia color-sonido para invidentes utilizando un protocolo de audio""Enseñanza táctil - geometría y color. Juegos didácticos para niños ciegos y videntes""Sistema Constanz"L'ocupació laboral dels cecs a l'Estat espanyol està pràcticament equiparada a la de les persones amb visió, entrevista amb Pedro ZuritaONCE (Organización Nacional de Cegos de España)Prevención da cegueiraDescrición de deficiencias visuais (Disc@pnet)Braillín, un boneco atractivo para calquera neno, con ou sen discapacidade, que permite familiarizarse co sistema de escritura e lectura brailleAxudas Técnicas36838ID00897494007150-90057129528256DOID:1432HP:0000618D001766C10.597.751.941.162C97109C0155020