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Why isn't nylon as strong as kevlar?
Number of hydrogen molecules necessary in acetonitrile/butanediamine polymerisationHow do epoxys cross-link?Is there ANY chemical that can destroy PTFE, or Teflon?Molecular weight of PolymersHow do gelatin and aluminium sulfate strengthen paper?How does cross-linking between polymer chains increase the melting point of the polymer?Why is polymer B more dense than polymer A?Polymers that aren't brittle at the cryogenic temperatures found on Titan?Good Alternative for Plasticized PVCRelating properties and structures of polymers
$begingroup$
Why is Kevlar stronger than nylon? They both contain Hydrogen bonding and should have equal strength but this is not the case instead Kevlar is fire resistant. What makes it stronger. Greater hydrogen bonds?!
polymers
$endgroup$
add a comment |
$begingroup$
Why is Kevlar stronger than nylon? They both contain Hydrogen bonding and should have equal strength but this is not the case instead Kevlar is fire resistant. What makes it stronger. Greater hydrogen bonds?!
polymers
$endgroup$
2
$begingroup$
Hydrogen bonds are the same in both. But kevlar is conjugated all through.
$endgroup$
– Ivan Neretin
May 1 at 9:06
1
$begingroup$
This suggests aromatic stacking: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevlar
$endgroup$
– Night Writer
May 1 at 9:43
11
$begingroup$
"Strong" is an ambiguous term here. nylon is strong in the sense that it is hard to break (but is very easy to stretch and deform). Kevlar is also hard to break but is also much more rigid and harder to deform. Stiffness and "strength" are not the same and Kevlar is useful because it has both.
$endgroup$
– matt_black
May 1 at 13:24
add a comment |
$begingroup$
Why is Kevlar stronger than nylon? They both contain Hydrogen bonding and should have equal strength but this is not the case instead Kevlar is fire resistant. What makes it stronger. Greater hydrogen bonds?!
polymers
$endgroup$
Why is Kevlar stronger than nylon? They both contain Hydrogen bonding and should have equal strength but this is not the case instead Kevlar is fire resistant. What makes it stronger. Greater hydrogen bonds?!
polymers
polymers
edited May 1 at 13:25
matt_black
19.7k358113
19.7k358113
asked May 1 at 9:01
AsadAsad
6615
6615
2
$begingroup$
Hydrogen bonds are the same in both. But kevlar is conjugated all through.
$endgroup$
– Ivan Neretin
May 1 at 9:06
1
$begingroup$
This suggests aromatic stacking: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevlar
$endgroup$
– Night Writer
May 1 at 9:43
11
$begingroup$
"Strong" is an ambiguous term here. nylon is strong in the sense that it is hard to break (but is very easy to stretch and deform). Kevlar is also hard to break but is also much more rigid and harder to deform. Stiffness and "strength" are not the same and Kevlar is useful because it has both.
$endgroup$
– matt_black
May 1 at 13:24
add a comment |
2
$begingroup$
Hydrogen bonds are the same in both. But kevlar is conjugated all through.
$endgroup$
– Ivan Neretin
May 1 at 9:06
1
$begingroup$
This suggests aromatic stacking: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevlar
$endgroup$
– Night Writer
May 1 at 9:43
11
$begingroup$
"Strong" is an ambiguous term here. nylon is strong in the sense that it is hard to break (but is very easy to stretch and deform). Kevlar is also hard to break but is also much more rigid and harder to deform. Stiffness and "strength" are not the same and Kevlar is useful because it has both.
$endgroup$
– matt_black
May 1 at 13:24
2
2
$begingroup$
Hydrogen bonds are the same in both. But kevlar is conjugated all through.
$endgroup$
– Ivan Neretin
May 1 at 9:06
$begingroup$
Hydrogen bonds are the same in both. But kevlar is conjugated all through.
$endgroup$
– Ivan Neretin
May 1 at 9:06
1
1
$begingroup$
This suggests aromatic stacking: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevlar
$endgroup$
– Night Writer
May 1 at 9:43
$begingroup$
This suggests aromatic stacking: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevlar
$endgroup$
– Night Writer
May 1 at 9:43
11
11
$begingroup$
"Strong" is an ambiguous term here. nylon is strong in the sense that it is hard to break (but is very easy to stretch and deform). Kevlar is also hard to break but is also much more rigid and harder to deform. Stiffness and "strength" are not the same and Kevlar is useful because it has both.
$endgroup$
– matt_black
May 1 at 13:24
$begingroup$
"Strong" is an ambiguous term here. nylon is strong in the sense that it is hard to break (but is very easy to stretch and deform). Kevlar is also hard to break but is also much more rigid and harder to deform. Stiffness and "strength" are not the same and Kevlar is useful because it has both.
$endgroup$
– matt_black
May 1 at 13:24
add a comment |
2 Answers
2
active
oldest
votes
$begingroup$
Kevlar is an A,B co-polymer where the monomers are terephthalic acid and 1,4-diaminobenzene. The amide linkage, together with the aromatic rings in the polymer, makes a very rigid polymeric structure that stacks the chains in an organized way, maximizing the effectiveness of hydrogen bonding between amide linkages, together with pi-stacking of the rings:
http://pubs.acs.org/cen/coverstory/8005/8005olympics.html
The chains form sheets that stack together along the axis of the fiber. In order for projectiles to break these fibers, these strong, inter-strand attractions must be overcome.
Standard Nylon is a similar polymer, where the aromatic moieties are replaced by aliphatic chains. These are much more flexible and give more degrees of freedom to the polymer chains. This results in a more random arrangement of chains that still hydrogen bond, but not in such an organized way, giving a weaker fiber.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305313239_Nylon_66_Nonwoven_Fabric_Separates_Oil_Contaminates_from_Oil-in-Water_Emulsions
$endgroup$
add a comment |
$begingroup$
First, it's important to define what you mean by "nylon", a term which is often used generically to refer to many different aliphatic polyamides. The most common are "nylon 6" and "nylon 6,6". Nylon 6 is the polymer of 6-aminohexanoic acid (aka 6-aminocaproic acid), while nylon 6,6 is from alternating units of 1,6-diaminohexane (aka hexamethylene diamine) and 1,6-hexanedioic acid (aka adipic acid).
Kevlar is one of the trade names of the polymer of alternating p-phenylenediamine and terephthalic acid. This is one example of the general class of aramid polymers, which means polyamides made from aromatic monomers.
As mentioned in the comments, both types of polyamide can form interstrand hydrogen bonds that strengthen the bulk material. However, the fact that kevlar is made entirely from rigid aromatic monomers means that the individual strands are much less flexible than the strands of the aliphatic polyamides. The aromatic groups can further participate in interstrand interactions that are stronger than the interstrand aliphatic interactions. Both of these factors contribute to making very strong and inflexible fibers. For this reason, Kevlar is used for ballistic protection applications.
On a side note, the fire resistance you mentioned is more closely associated with the aramid made from isophthalic acid and meta-phenylenediamine, which is marketed by Dupont under the name Nomex. The meta- orientation of the linkages means that the individual strands, while still rigid, are not linear, so they do not align in the same arrangement as in Kevlar. This leads to a much weaker material that is not effective for ballistics protection, but works well for making flame-resistant fabrics.
$endgroup$
add a comment |
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2 Answers
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2 Answers
2
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$begingroup$
Kevlar is an A,B co-polymer where the monomers are terephthalic acid and 1,4-diaminobenzene. The amide linkage, together with the aromatic rings in the polymer, makes a very rigid polymeric structure that stacks the chains in an organized way, maximizing the effectiveness of hydrogen bonding between amide linkages, together with pi-stacking of the rings:
http://pubs.acs.org/cen/coverstory/8005/8005olympics.html
The chains form sheets that stack together along the axis of the fiber. In order for projectiles to break these fibers, these strong, inter-strand attractions must be overcome.
Standard Nylon is a similar polymer, where the aromatic moieties are replaced by aliphatic chains. These are much more flexible and give more degrees of freedom to the polymer chains. This results in a more random arrangement of chains that still hydrogen bond, but not in such an organized way, giving a weaker fiber.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305313239_Nylon_66_Nonwoven_Fabric_Separates_Oil_Contaminates_from_Oil-in-Water_Emulsions
$endgroup$
add a comment |
$begingroup$
Kevlar is an A,B co-polymer where the monomers are terephthalic acid and 1,4-diaminobenzene. The amide linkage, together with the aromatic rings in the polymer, makes a very rigid polymeric structure that stacks the chains in an organized way, maximizing the effectiveness of hydrogen bonding between amide linkages, together with pi-stacking of the rings:
http://pubs.acs.org/cen/coverstory/8005/8005olympics.html
The chains form sheets that stack together along the axis of the fiber. In order for projectiles to break these fibers, these strong, inter-strand attractions must be overcome.
Standard Nylon is a similar polymer, where the aromatic moieties are replaced by aliphatic chains. These are much more flexible and give more degrees of freedom to the polymer chains. This results in a more random arrangement of chains that still hydrogen bond, but not in such an organized way, giving a weaker fiber.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305313239_Nylon_66_Nonwoven_Fabric_Separates_Oil_Contaminates_from_Oil-in-Water_Emulsions
$endgroup$
add a comment |
$begingroup$
Kevlar is an A,B co-polymer where the monomers are terephthalic acid and 1,4-diaminobenzene. The amide linkage, together with the aromatic rings in the polymer, makes a very rigid polymeric structure that stacks the chains in an organized way, maximizing the effectiveness of hydrogen bonding between amide linkages, together with pi-stacking of the rings:
http://pubs.acs.org/cen/coverstory/8005/8005olympics.html
The chains form sheets that stack together along the axis of the fiber. In order for projectiles to break these fibers, these strong, inter-strand attractions must be overcome.
Standard Nylon is a similar polymer, where the aromatic moieties are replaced by aliphatic chains. These are much more flexible and give more degrees of freedom to the polymer chains. This results in a more random arrangement of chains that still hydrogen bond, but not in such an organized way, giving a weaker fiber.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305313239_Nylon_66_Nonwoven_Fabric_Separates_Oil_Contaminates_from_Oil-in-Water_Emulsions
$endgroup$
Kevlar is an A,B co-polymer where the monomers are terephthalic acid and 1,4-diaminobenzene. The amide linkage, together with the aromatic rings in the polymer, makes a very rigid polymeric structure that stacks the chains in an organized way, maximizing the effectiveness of hydrogen bonding between amide linkages, together with pi-stacking of the rings:
http://pubs.acs.org/cen/coverstory/8005/8005olympics.html
The chains form sheets that stack together along the axis of the fiber. In order for projectiles to break these fibers, these strong, inter-strand attractions must be overcome.
Standard Nylon is a similar polymer, where the aromatic moieties are replaced by aliphatic chains. These are much more flexible and give more degrees of freedom to the polymer chains. This results in a more random arrangement of chains that still hydrogen bond, but not in such an organized way, giving a weaker fiber.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305313239_Nylon_66_Nonwoven_Fabric_Separates_Oil_Contaminates_from_Oil-in-Water_Emulsions
answered May 1 at 12:17
WithnailWithnail
59019
59019
add a comment |
add a comment |
$begingroup$
First, it's important to define what you mean by "nylon", a term which is often used generically to refer to many different aliphatic polyamides. The most common are "nylon 6" and "nylon 6,6". Nylon 6 is the polymer of 6-aminohexanoic acid (aka 6-aminocaproic acid), while nylon 6,6 is from alternating units of 1,6-diaminohexane (aka hexamethylene diamine) and 1,6-hexanedioic acid (aka adipic acid).
Kevlar is one of the trade names of the polymer of alternating p-phenylenediamine and terephthalic acid. This is one example of the general class of aramid polymers, which means polyamides made from aromatic monomers.
As mentioned in the comments, both types of polyamide can form interstrand hydrogen bonds that strengthen the bulk material. However, the fact that kevlar is made entirely from rigid aromatic monomers means that the individual strands are much less flexible than the strands of the aliphatic polyamides. The aromatic groups can further participate in interstrand interactions that are stronger than the interstrand aliphatic interactions. Both of these factors contribute to making very strong and inflexible fibers. For this reason, Kevlar is used for ballistic protection applications.
On a side note, the fire resistance you mentioned is more closely associated with the aramid made from isophthalic acid and meta-phenylenediamine, which is marketed by Dupont under the name Nomex. The meta- orientation of the linkages means that the individual strands, while still rigid, are not linear, so they do not align in the same arrangement as in Kevlar. This leads to a much weaker material that is not effective for ballistics protection, but works well for making flame-resistant fabrics.
$endgroup$
add a comment |
$begingroup$
First, it's important to define what you mean by "nylon", a term which is often used generically to refer to many different aliphatic polyamides. The most common are "nylon 6" and "nylon 6,6". Nylon 6 is the polymer of 6-aminohexanoic acid (aka 6-aminocaproic acid), while nylon 6,6 is from alternating units of 1,6-diaminohexane (aka hexamethylene diamine) and 1,6-hexanedioic acid (aka adipic acid).
Kevlar is one of the trade names of the polymer of alternating p-phenylenediamine and terephthalic acid. This is one example of the general class of aramid polymers, which means polyamides made from aromatic monomers.
As mentioned in the comments, both types of polyamide can form interstrand hydrogen bonds that strengthen the bulk material. However, the fact that kevlar is made entirely from rigid aromatic monomers means that the individual strands are much less flexible than the strands of the aliphatic polyamides. The aromatic groups can further participate in interstrand interactions that are stronger than the interstrand aliphatic interactions. Both of these factors contribute to making very strong and inflexible fibers. For this reason, Kevlar is used for ballistic protection applications.
On a side note, the fire resistance you mentioned is more closely associated with the aramid made from isophthalic acid and meta-phenylenediamine, which is marketed by Dupont under the name Nomex. The meta- orientation of the linkages means that the individual strands, while still rigid, are not linear, so they do not align in the same arrangement as in Kevlar. This leads to a much weaker material that is not effective for ballistics protection, but works well for making flame-resistant fabrics.
$endgroup$
add a comment |
$begingroup$
First, it's important to define what you mean by "nylon", a term which is often used generically to refer to many different aliphatic polyamides. The most common are "nylon 6" and "nylon 6,6". Nylon 6 is the polymer of 6-aminohexanoic acid (aka 6-aminocaproic acid), while nylon 6,6 is from alternating units of 1,6-diaminohexane (aka hexamethylene diamine) and 1,6-hexanedioic acid (aka adipic acid).
Kevlar is one of the trade names of the polymer of alternating p-phenylenediamine and terephthalic acid. This is one example of the general class of aramid polymers, which means polyamides made from aromatic monomers.
As mentioned in the comments, both types of polyamide can form interstrand hydrogen bonds that strengthen the bulk material. However, the fact that kevlar is made entirely from rigid aromatic monomers means that the individual strands are much less flexible than the strands of the aliphatic polyamides. The aromatic groups can further participate in interstrand interactions that are stronger than the interstrand aliphatic interactions. Both of these factors contribute to making very strong and inflexible fibers. For this reason, Kevlar is used for ballistic protection applications.
On a side note, the fire resistance you mentioned is more closely associated with the aramid made from isophthalic acid and meta-phenylenediamine, which is marketed by Dupont under the name Nomex. The meta- orientation of the linkages means that the individual strands, while still rigid, are not linear, so they do not align in the same arrangement as in Kevlar. This leads to a much weaker material that is not effective for ballistics protection, but works well for making flame-resistant fabrics.
$endgroup$
First, it's important to define what you mean by "nylon", a term which is often used generically to refer to many different aliphatic polyamides. The most common are "nylon 6" and "nylon 6,6". Nylon 6 is the polymer of 6-aminohexanoic acid (aka 6-aminocaproic acid), while nylon 6,6 is from alternating units of 1,6-diaminohexane (aka hexamethylene diamine) and 1,6-hexanedioic acid (aka adipic acid).
Kevlar is one of the trade names of the polymer of alternating p-phenylenediamine and terephthalic acid. This is one example of the general class of aramid polymers, which means polyamides made from aromatic monomers.
As mentioned in the comments, both types of polyamide can form interstrand hydrogen bonds that strengthen the bulk material. However, the fact that kevlar is made entirely from rigid aromatic monomers means that the individual strands are much less flexible than the strands of the aliphatic polyamides. The aromatic groups can further participate in interstrand interactions that are stronger than the interstrand aliphatic interactions. Both of these factors contribute to making very strong and inflexible fibers. For this reason, Kevlar is used for ballistic protection applications.
On a side note, the fire resistance you mentioned is more closely associated with the aramid made from isophthalic acid and meta-phenylenediamine, which is marketed by Dupont under the name Nomex. The meta- orientation of the linkages means that the individual strands, while still rigid, are not linear, so they do not align in the same arrangement as in Kevlar. This leads to a much weaker material that is not effective for ballistics protection, but works well for making flame-resistant fabrics.
answered May 1 at 11:44
AndrewAndrew
1,717112
1,717112
add a comment |
add a comment |
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$begingroup$
Hydrogen bonds are the same in both. But kevlar is conjugated all through.
$endgroup$
– Ivan Neretin
May 1 at 9:06
1
$begingroup$
This suggests aromatic stacking: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevlar
$endgroup$
– Night Writer
May 1 at 9:43
11
$begingroup$
"Strong" is an ambiguous term here. nylon is strong in the sense that it is hard to break (but is very easy to stretch and deform). Kevlar is also hard to break but is also much more rigid and harder to deform. Stiffness and "strength" are not the same and Kevlar is useful because it has both.
$endgroup$
– matt_black
May 1 at 13:24